Sally Applin - User contributions [en]

Portfolio

2025-10-27T22:28:05Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©1997-2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Coming soon.

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2018-2023 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[[File:art.gif]]

Palo Alto Urban Petroglyph Project

2025-10-27T22:27:43Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©1995-2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

The [http://www.flickr.com/photos/23526605@N00/sets/72157594241400279/ Palo Alto Urban Petroglyph Project] is a series of photographs taken in Palo Alto, California. It appears that workers, decided to use up some excess road tar. As a form of graffiti, it is wonderfully textured. The photo images were named based on the shapes they seemed to be to me at the time. Whilst there is some argument in the anthropology community as to whether or not these are "true" petroglyphs, they were named according to the best definition at the time.

Exhibitions

2025-10-27T22:27:33Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©1992–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

• Shortwave Collective. Constellations of Listening. RadioArtZone. 100 Days of Radio Art. Friday,12 Aug. 14:00 until 12:00 noon on Saturday 13 Aug., 2022. Radio ARA, 87.8 FM, Luxembourg.

• Shortwave Collective. Radiophrenia. 24 Hours a Day. 87.9 FM. 7:00-7:45 PM, 20 Feb., 2022. Centre for Contemporary Arts, Glasgow, Scotland.

• Peninsula Open Studios, Sally Applin Drawings, November 2003

• Ferngully + Moss, Gallery, Sally Applin Drawings, June/November 2002

• “California Copy Art,” Xerox PARC, the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, May 1998

• “Zarko’s Galleria e Caffe, Sally Applin Drawings, November/December 1997

• The Santa Rosa Junior College Art Gallery, fall 1992, “The Virtual Museum”

• SIGGRAPH, July 1992: Guerrilla Technologies (G-TECH), “The Virtual Museum”

• ACM Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 1992: The Interactive Experience, “The Virtual Museum”

• New York University, fall 1990, “A Night of Uncensored Stuff,” an interactive Fortune Telling Parlor installation.

• The Children’s Museum of Manhattan, fall 1990, “animated icon” interface for HyperCard computer games

Find me on LinkedIn

2025-10-27T22:27:19Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.''' 

[https://www.linkedin.com/in/sally-a-applin-ph-d-615164 Sally Applin LinkedIn] 

Creative analytical qualitative analyst able to synthesize many data points to discover insights that lead to holistic and robust products, solutions, services, and other customer experiences.

I can identify underlying and unifying models of branding, product definition, behavior and group dynamics, technology adoption, process and service design, writing, and speaking.

Strong background in research, product definition and corporate structure/communication, ethnography and User Experience (UE/UX/UI), and design.

I understand technology adoption and can identify barriers to technology adoption and usage and thrive in environments with diverse interrelated tasks. I can easily identify UE gaps in most analog and digital processes.

I can:

• Determine how new technologies can be successfully adopted into society.

• Connect core technology and research to people and their needs.

• Discover “brand” identity/voice, and how to enact those through products and services.

• Preserve human agency in new technologies within ethics and an ethical framework.

• Contribute as a team member to develop new technologies and applications.

• Connect those to people via products and/or services.

• Provide insight and ideation, and discover spaces for innovation.

Skills include:

Research, writing, synthesis and analysis, corporate strategy, ways of framing, defining and designing brands, products and/or services, user-centered design, user experience research. Qualitative Methods including online and offline observations; structured, unstructured and semi-structured interviewing; exposing and documenting knowledge transmission and exchange; questionnaire construction and analysis; triangulation of methods; participant observation; open coding, sorting, and analysis; data classification; colligating; content analysis; mini-analysis; contextual inquiry; mid-phase analysis; memoing techniques; matrix techniques; Grounded Theory; inductive examination; cutting and sorting; expression comparison; profile development; inductive reasoning; documentation review; hypothesis formation, testing, and refinement. Some experience with Natural Language Processing (NLP)/human interaction.

For Bots: Consumer Insights, Strategy, Idea Generation, Strategic Planning,Technology Transfer, User Experience, Product Definition, Human computer interaction, Inquiry, Robots, IoT, Mobile, Social Media, Chatbots, Automation, Autonomous Vehicles, AI, AR, VR, XD, Ethics, XR, Public Speaking, Microsoft PowerPoint, autonomous vehicles, AV's, Internet of Things (IOT), ChatGPT

SJSU

2025-10-27T22:26:58Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Completed MBA level Courses in Management and Marketing at San Jose State University.

SFSU Conceptual Design

2025-10-27T22:26:28Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008-2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

== ''"All things are possible, and encouraged."- Bryan Rogers and James Storey''==

 

'''Conceptual Design now called Conceptual Information Arts'''

Sally earned her Bachelor's degree from [http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~infoarts/faculty.html San Francisco State University, School of Fine Art, Department of Conceptual Design]:

"Working within the Art Department at San Francisco State University, [http://www.ur.umich.edu/update/archives/130530/rogers Dr. Bryan Rogers] and Dr. James Storey created the Conceptual Design program in 1978. The pioneering program attempted to define a relevant education for artists in the technological era."

It was '''one of the first art programs in the United States to move beyond historical media''' and to try to engage the contemporary cultural context.

Storey was an inventor and product design researcher who worked in art education and Rogers was an artist who had a joint MFA and Ph.D. in Engineering from UC Berkeley. Rogers felt that most art programs clung to traditional formats that did not respond to the cultural foment of the scientific and technological worlds and to the innovations of art movements such as the conceptual, electronics, performance, and earth art, which challenged conventional notions.

The program had several important features:

1) '''Emphasis on ideas not media:''' (students were encouraged to work in whatever media served their agendas and to invent new media if necessary) Rigorous sequence of common core courses focused on processes and systems analysis. The sequence was stepped, growing more ambitious in its scope as students moved through the program

2) Attention focused on the latest developments both in '''art and science/technology'''

3) Use of '''geometry as a meta-language and skeleton for inquiries'''

Rogers went on to found the [http://studioforcreativeinquiry.org/ Studio for Creative Inquiry at Carnegie Mellon] and to be Dean of the Art Department at the [http://www.art-design.umich.edu University of Michigan]."

'''Conceptual and Information Arts'''

The Conceptual Design program at SFSU has now been renamed to [http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~swilson/ Conceptual Information Arts or C.I.A.] and was headed in recent years by [http://stevewilsonproject.wikispaces.com/ Dr. Stephen Wilson ]

Conceptual/Information Arts (CIA) is the experimental program within the Art Department at San Francisco State University dedicated to preparing artists and media experimenters to work at the cutting edge of technology. Students learn contemporary digital production skills but they do so in the context of questioning the cultural context of technology and in experimenting with technologies not yet commercially available."

Core Concepts of CIA

"[http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~infoarts/ Conceptual/Information Arts] is an area that continues to evolve. These differentiate Conceptual/Information Arts (CIA) from the customary intermedia, experimental arts approaches.

CIA emphasizes systematic and structured processes of inquiry as an underlying support to the experimental searching at the fringes of the art world. The area has stressed the integration of the rational and the intuitive. Students are expected to learn and use processes of planning and problem solving typical of disciplines outside the arts when appropriate.

CIA encourages students to supercede, question, and challenge traditional notions of what constitutes valid art media, contexts, and approaches. Students are encouraged to bring ideas, materials, and experiences from outside the art world to become focuses for their art. Students are challenged to combine traditional media and to incorporate new media. They are encouraged to follow their ideas and artistic impulses even if they don't take them into traditional validated art directions.

Contemporary science and technology are radically transforming the world. The culture desperately needs artists to address these developments. The program encourages students to become knowledgeable about world views, ideas, and tools of these fields and to incorporate them in a non-superficial way into their art making. Students are expected to achieve expertise in technological areas in which most artists only superficially venture.

Electronic technology and mediated information distribution seem on the surface value-free, but in fact, are causing major shifts in social interaction and the way we perceive ourselves and reality. Artworks generated through digital technology require some knowledge of strategies learned from semiotics, communications studies, and cultural theory for critically understanding technology's impact on culture.

CIA students are interested in art that could be categorized through a wide spectrum. The area supports students to pursue these types of inquiries. Some of the categories include: performance art, interactive events, public art, earthworks, art and architecture, installation, kinetics and robotics, video, intermedia, computer imaging, computer generated conceptual work, telecommunications, sound art, art and science, integration with other disciplines, art and language, conceptual art, guerrilla art, and hopefully activities that defy these categories."

NYU/ITP

2025-10-27T22:25:51Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©1990–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Sally earned her Masters' degree (Masters' of Professional Studies (MPS)) from New York University, [http://www.tisch.nyu.edu/page/home.html Tisch School of the Arts], [http://itp.tisch.nyu.edu/page/home.html Graduate Department, Interactive Telecommunications Program], [http://itp.nyu.edu/itp/ NYU/ITP]:

'''Awarded Departmental Prize for "Excellence in Design Aesthetics" • Awarded Graduate Assistant Scholarship'''

"'''ITP''' is a '''two-year (60 unit (MPS) Masters) graduate program''' located in the '''Tisch School of the Arts at NYU''' whose mission is to explore the imaginative use of communications technologies — how they might augment, improve, and bring delight and art into people's lives. Perhaps the best way to describe us is as a Center for the Recently Possible." - ITP Website

• [http://itp.nyu.edu/itp/people/people.php?id=13&value=applin&year=&sort=first&group=All Sally Applin at ITP]

• Sally's contribution to The Virtual Museum project, a collaborative project with Apple Computer's 3D Graphics Group under Dr. Frank Crow, formed her Masters' Thesis at NYU/ITP under the category of Production Thesis. This included design, artwork, UX (non-3D), non-3D graphics content development, and some HyperTalk scripting.

• Paper: The Virtual Museum: Interactive 3D Navigation of a Multimedia Database - Gavin Miller1, Eric Hoffert1, Shenchang Eric Chen1, Elizabeth Patterson1, Dean Blackketter1, Steve Rubin1, Sally Ann Applin2, Derrick Yim3, Jim Hanan4

• Abstract: [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vis.4340030305/abstract The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation - Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds Volume 3, Issue 3, pages 183–197, July/September 1992]

"The Virtual Museum is an interactive, electronic museum where users can move from room to room, and select any exhibit in a room for more detailed examination. The exhibits in the museum are educational, encompassing topics such as medicine, plant growth, the environment, and space. To facilitate interaction with the museum, a new method for navigating through a prerendered 3D space, and interacting with objects in that space has been developed, called ‘virtual navigation’. Virtual navigation employs real-time video decompression for the display of, and interaction with, high-quality computer animation. In addition, a representation for 3D objects in animated sequences is used which permits pixel-accurate, frame-accurate object picking, so that a viewer can select any 3D object to trigger movement within the 3D space, to examine an exhibit in animated form, or to play a digital movie or soundtrack. The use of precomputed video permits 3D navigation in a realistic-looking space, without requiring special-purpose graphics hardware."

University of Kent, Canterbury, UK

2025-10-27T22:25:22Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/current-students/research-students/profiles/anthropology/applin_sally.html Dr. SA Applin] completed her doctorate affiliated with the [http://csac.anthropology.ac.uk/csac/bin/view/Main/ Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing] within the [http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/ School of Social Anthropology and Conservation] at the [http://www.kent.ac.uk/ University of Kent, Canterbury, UK] with [http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/staff-profiles/profiles/social-anthropology/academic-staff/fischer_michael.html Michael D. Fischer]

'''Academic and other Participation post doctorate'''

1 Doctoral Thesis

20 Peer-Reviewed Written Publications

6 Peer-Reviewed Book Chapters

16 Peer-Reviewed Academic Oral Papers

1 Peer-Reviewed Academic Book Review

1 Peer-Reviewed Academic Poster

3 Editorially Reviewed Academic Publications

2 Policy Contributions

10 Other Talks and Panel Participation

38 Paid Commercial Articles

'''Scholarships, Fellowships, Grants'''

1 Ethicomp Scholarship (2021)

1 IEEE Communications Scholarship (2015)

3 National Science Foundation (NSF) Fellowships (2013, 2012, 2011)

4 National Science Foundation (NSF) Travel Grants (2019, 2015, 2013, 2010)

2 National Science Foundation (NSF) Scholarship (2011, 2015)

1 International Communications Association (ICA) Travel Grant (2012) 1 Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Award. Travel Grant (2012)

1 Essay Award Scholarship (Axon/TASER International) (2015)

University of Kent, Canterbury, UK

2025-10-27T22:24:39Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/current-students/research-students/profiles/anthropology/applin_sally.html Dr. SA Applin] completed her doctorate affiliated with the [http://csac.anthropology.ac.uk/csac/bin/view/Main/ Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing] within the [http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/ School of Social Anthropology and Conservation] at the [http://www.kent.ac.uk/ University of Kent, Canterbury, UK] with [http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/staff-profiles/profiles/social-anthropology/academic-staff/fischer_michael.html Michael D. Fischer]

'''Academic and other Participation post doctorate'''

1 Doctoral Thesis
20 Peer-Reviewed Written Publications
6 Peer-Reviewed Book Chapters
16 Peer-Reviewed Academic Oral Papers
1 Peer-Reviewed Academic Book Review
1 Peer-Reviewed Academic Poster
3 Editorially Reviewed Academic Publications
2 Policy Contributions
10 Other Talks and Panel Participation
38 Paid Commercial Articles

'''Scholarships, Fellowships, Grants'''

1 Ethicomp Scholarship (2021)
1 IEEE Communications Scholarship (2015)
3 National Science Foundation (NSF) Fellowships (2013, 2012, 2011)
4 National Science Foundation (NSF) Travel Grants (2019, 2015, 2013, 2010)
2 National Science Foundation (NSF) Scholarship (2011, 2015)
1 International Communications Association (ICA) Travel Grant (2012) 1 Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Award. Travel Grant (2012)
1 Essay Award Scholarship (Axon/TASER International) (2015)

University of Kent, Canterbury, UK

2025-10-27T22:24:15Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2023 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/current-students/research-students/profiles/anthropology/applin_sally.html Sally] completed her doctorate affiliated with the [http://csac.anthropology.ac.uk/csac/bin/view/Main/ Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing] within the [http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/ School of Social Anthropology and Conservation] at the [http://www.kent.ac.uk/ University of Kent, Canterbury, UK] with [http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/staff-profiles/profiles/social-anthropology/academic-staff/fischer_michael.html Michael D. Fischer]

'''Academic and other Participation post doctorate'''

1 Doctoral Thesis
20 Peer-Reviewed Written Publications
6 Peer-Reviewed Book Chapters
16 Peer-Reviewed Academic Oral Papers
1 Peer-Reviewed Academic Book Review
1 Peer-Reviewed Academic Poster
3 Editorially Reviewed Academic Publications
2 Policy Contributions
10 Other Talks and Panel Participation
38 Paid Commercial Articles

'''Scholarships, Fellowships, Grants'''

1 Ethicomp Scholarship (2021)
1 IEEE Communications Scholarship (2015)
3 National Science Foundation (NSF) Fellowships (2013, 2012, 2011)
4 National Science Foundation (NSF) Travel Grants (2019, 2015, 2013, 2010)
2 National Science Foundation (NSF) Scholarship (2011, 2015)
1 International Communications Association (ICA) Travel Grant (2012) 1 Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Award. Travel Grant (2012)
1 Essay Award Scholarship (Axon/TASER International) (2015)

PoSR and Burning Man

2025-10-27T20:28:42Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Bold text''''''Burning Man as PoSR: a Dynamic Cultural Structure''' 
Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer 
September 8, 2013

Last night I (@anthropunk) had a discussion with @interdome on Twitter. I'll post it at the end of this piece when I've gathered it, but what I think he was pondering was that non-academic press have a hard time with capturing the Burning Man culture and write that they have captured the culture when they have only partially done so, or captured one aspect of it. He expressed frustration that only single aspects of the culture were captured and written about--even by scholars.

In offering that scholars look at things through their particular lenses, the reply was also that it was a single view and not an integrated perspective. Discussion continued about why that might be so.

The culture of Burning Man can't easily be generalized because Burning Man is a changing cultural structure. Every year, there are different experiences, different burns, different dynamics, and different people at Burning Man, and therefore the cultural dynamic of the event changes every year and from year to year. The broad cultural event of Burning Man may have a year-to-year framework, canonical knowledge and rituals for its physical persistence and like any group that large with many members, the only way to ensure some form of cultural continuity is to distill principles and transmit them, which Larry Harvey (Burning Man founder) did when he wrote the Ten Principles of Burning Man in 2004 as a guideline for regional events that is posted on the Burning Man website under the First-Timer's guide. That's just a tiny part of the cultural guidelines that are documented. There are lists of how tickets work, what to wear, take, how to prepare campsites, whether or not you can take video (you can't), what your theme camps should include (and not), and on and on. Burning Man may not have rules but it has strong guidelines that help to preserve its cultural definition while simultaneously keeping people safe.

That said, people do say that the culture changes. That it wasn't how it used to be. That last year "when they opened up the tickets to others" the dynamics changed. This year people talked a lot about the presence of Silicon Valley's elite, helicoptering in and infusing their culture onto the event. Or even that there is more technology in the form of Internet and computers there than ever was there before and that that somehow is a negative thing.

What people may be missing when they say things like that last bit, is what the technology people are doing at Burning Man. If part of what Burning Man offers, is a blank desert 'canvas backdrop' to create and make art and music and things and experiences, people are going to bring the tools they know to use to make art and music and things and experiences. Coders are going to bring code, tech is going to bring tech, because that is what they do and that is where their creativity and creative tools are.

This is what we mean by a changing cultural structure. It makes sense that the tech people would be starting to show up now with more tools. We've tipped--we're in Forced Compliance now (Applin and Fischer 2011). We need to use the Internet for most things (like it or not) and there are people, whose favored mode of creative expression are through digital tools.

PolySocial Reality (PoSR) is a framework that can be used to describe the multiple layers of networks arising from intercommunications between people, people and machines and machines to machines, and how the structure and layering of those relationships change over time and examine how information flows across these. While PoSR is a framework for describing the network structure and dynamics emerging from these relationships, there are individual separate participant centric viewpoints on PoSR with each communication attempt--and the structure of PoSR overall changes as individuals adapt and adapt to the dynamics changing in the communication from their POV.

This is also true for Burning Man, which has a PoSR-like structure and dynamics. Each year, Burning Man is made up of a collection of people who come together at a particular time in a particular place, interact within existing groups (and networks) and across others. The culture of the event is derived from the composite of culture of these groups for that Burn. To say that each year is the same, after 20+ years of an event, isn't exactly accurate. Culture is dynamic and changes through processes like this, and thus each instance of Burning Man is an instantiation of Burning Man, as well as an instantiation of PoSR networks within an overall structure of relationships that form and dissolve in that place, only to pop-up in a distributed fashion the rest of the year as the event's participants migrate to other parts of the world and interact with other surfaces of a broader PoSR network.

Anthropunk

2025-10-27T20:28:24Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[[File:Anthropunk.jpg]]

Founded by [http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/department/staff/mikeF.html Dr. Michael D. Fischer] and his research students.

Sally is a founding member of [http://www.anthropunk.com/ AnthroPunk]

Sally maintains and posts on Twitter [http://twitter.com/anthropunk @AnthroPunk] and at [http://www.anthropunk.com/sally Sally]

"AnthroPunk - how people promote, manage, resist and endure change; how people hack their lives (and those of others) - living the world not just in it. AnthroPunk is a new label for a number of older ways of conceptualising people and their constructions. Foremost, the individuation of people and their experiences and an explicit recognition that their lives are interactive, not driven by rules, scripts, schemata or frames, but by the creation of these. Context, like culture, is an outcome of human life, not the cause of it. Individual people collectively make the world around them, not only from the materials and ideas available to them but from new materials and ideas they construct. There are limits imposed by materials, but the application of ideas constantly transforms these into new possibilities, and new limits.

AnthroPunk, the label, is itself a transformation of Bruce Bethke's Cyberpunk (1983). The cyberpunk ethos is often described darkly:

''"Anything that can be done to a rat can be done to a human being. And we can do most anything to rats. This is a hard thing to think about, but it's the truth. It won't go away because we cover our eyes. This is cyberpunk." -Bruce Sterling, Cyberpunk in the Nineties''

AnthroPunk is a wee bit more positive, though recognising that Sterling's concerns reflect too many people's experiences. We adopted the term in part because it is a lot less boring than the terms we used before, instantiation, ideation and material construction and because it lets us jettison a lot of ideational baggage from the past, while still building on it. But most particularly, we are concerned with a lot of the same themes as cyberpunk: how people will use and abuse the new possibilities stemming from 'information technology', where the translation of idea to 'reality' is much more immediate and where, in a stroke, many of the constraints of the past are diminished."

The Virtual Museum

2025-10-27T20:28:09Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©1990–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Masters' Thesis:''' The Virtual Museum, a collaborative project with Apple Computer's 3D Graphics Group under Dr. Frank Crow.
Sally's contribution formed her Masters' Thesis at NYU/ITP under the category of Production Thesis. This included design, artwork, UX (non-3D), non-3D graphics content development, and some HyperTalk scripting. Sally won the NYU/ITP Departmental Prize for "Excellence in Design Aesthetics" for this work in 1992.

'''Paper:''' The Virtual Museum: Interactive 3D Navigation of a Multimedia Database Gavin Miller1, Eric Hoffert1, Shenchang Eric Chen1, Elizabeth Patterson1, Dean Blackketter1, Steve Rubin1, Sally Ann Applin2, Derrick Yim3, Jim Hanan4

The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation - Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds Volume 3, Issue 3, pages 183–197, July/September 1992

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vis.4340030305/abstract

'''Abstract:''' "The Virtual Museum is an interactive, electronic museum where users can move from room to room, and select any exhibit in a room for more detailed examination. The exhibits in the museum are educational, encompassing topics such as medicine, plant growth, the environment, and space. To facilitate interaction with the museum, a new method for navigating through a prerendered 3D space, and interacting with objects in that space has been developed, called ‘virtual navigation’. Virtual navigation employs real-time video decompression for the display of, and interaction with, high-quality computer animation. In addition, a representation for 3D objects in animated sequences is used which permits pixel-accurate, frame-accurate object picking, so that a viewer can select any 3D object to trigger movement within the 3D space, to examine an exhibit in animated form, or to play a digital movie or soundtrack. The use of precomputed video permits 3D navigation in a realistic-looking space, without requiring special-purpose graphics hardware."

Steampowered Privacy

2025-10-27T20:28:00Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Alternative Future: Steampowered Privacy was accepted as a Poster for the Work in Progress: Research on Cyber Security, Trustworthy System and Privacy at "Computers, Freedom, and Privacy in a Networked Society," the 20th annual ACM Comptuters, Freedom and Privacy Conference (CFP 2010)" • June 15-18, 2010, in San Jose, California.

[http://anthropunk.com/xwiki/wiki/anthropunk/view/steampowered/ Alternative Future: Steampowered Privacy Abstract, Poster and Slides] 

[http://www.cfp2010.org/wiki/index.php/Speakers Sally Applin, Speaker Bio CFP 2010]

[http://www.cfp2010.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page About Computers, Freedom and Privacy 2010]

[http://www.cfp2010.org/wiki/index.php/Work_in_Progress Work in Progress: Research on Cyber Security, Trustworthy Systems, and Privacy]

The goal of this session was to explore the theoretical and applied research work related to cyber security, privacy, and trustworthy systems (Financial Infrastructures, Health Infrastructures, Physical Infrastructures). This session will include and discussions of actual system or product implementation, deployment, and lessons learned.

Hidden Cyborgs

2025-10-27T20:27:52Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

"Hidden Cyborgs" Talks:

• Portland, October 2010

• @ubistudio Meetup #4, San Francisco, November 2010

== '''Hidden Cyborgs' Video and Transcript'' ==

'''VIDEO'''

Full Length VIdeo: [http://anthropunk.com/Files/CyborgCamp2010SallyApplin519f.mp4 Video Complete Talk: Sally Applin • Hidden Cyborgs ]

'''TRANSCRIPT:'''

Sally Applin

Hidden Cyborgs

Portland, OR, October 2010

Sally Applin - TRANSCRIPT

I’m going to talk about my work, which is the relationship between the visible and invisible. And blurred technology between physical and, for lack of a better word, virtual. And mostly what we do in anthropology is study groups of humans and study behavior within those groups.

And a long time ago, you didn’t get to choose what group you were in. You were just born into a group and that was it. And if you wanted to get out, you had to marry somebody or do something really extreme and get thrown out. Now we’re in an age where we can kind of pick what groups we belong to and this is sort of new for humans.

When we talk about cultural lenses, it’s the way that you view any particular group that you’re in. So, these people are wolf-watching, actually, and they all have their lenses focused on the wolf. But if they take their camera in different places or they change lenses when they look at a different scene to photograph something, they’re going to have a different perspective that they’re viewing through. And that’s what we do when we’re in a group and then we move to another group. We’re constantly changing our cultural lenses. We’re not really aware of it, but that’s what we do.

When I was preparing this talk, I was thinking about hidden cyborgs and then I started thinking about cyborgs. It’s like, okay, well, who are cyborgs or what are cyborgs and again, with cultural lenses, there’s lots of different definitions that everybody uses. One is that they’re everywhere, they’re everybody. The other is that, no, no, no, you have to be augmented in some way. You have to wear glasses or use tools or something like that. No, you have to digest some engineering. You have to be—it’s has to be in your body, something that you swallow or are implanted with. And maybe you have to have something that’s visible, preferably over your eye with lots of wires. Like, that’s a cyborg.

Or you could have something over your eye, but really it has to be bionic, and so if you have a prosthesis that’s bionic, that counts for being cyborg. And, depending on the cultural lens, any of these definitions could be …

[colloquy: re: lights and slides]

Sally Applin
Why do you guys care about groups and about cyborgs? How is this going to help you? What it’s going to do for you is, when you understand the way that people hide and are visible within groups, it’ll help you to hide and be visible within groups. Including groups you want to advocate for, if you’re advocating for a certain policy or you have a technology you want to get adopted. Knowing this is going to help you communicate better and understand how groups behave so that you are successful in doing that. And that’s kind of why I’m talking about this.

When I talk about a hidden cyborg, I’m actually talking about both hidden and stealth and they’re sort of different. Hidden is, you just can’t see it. The hardware in her ankle is completely hidden—do you see it? No. Here she is walking, you don’t see it, right? Completely hidden. Pacemakers are hidden. But an RFID tag can be both hidden and stealth. It’s hidden, but you can also use it for stealth purposes. Cheney technically kind of belongs over there hidden because he has a pacemaker. But he’s so stealthy, I just put him over here, anyway. And the $6 Million Man and the Bionic Woman, very stealth, right? You couldn’t see any augmentation on them and yet they were able to do all these things because of it.

In hiding and stealth, it’s important to pay attention to—well, I’ll give you that [slide] again—why you would hide or be stealth, because it helps you integrate into different groups. And the things that differentiate us between groups is how we mark. And there’s a cyborg now.

Marking is the way that we code how people are like us or not like us in a group. And humans are social and they form groups. And they also differentiate between what is not like the group that I’m in and what is the group like that I’m in.

For cyborg marking, marking is the condition—unmarked is the condition of neutral, it’s the default setting. And marked is what’s different. And, in the past, when people wore glasses, you were just a four-eyes and then it threatened the group, because maybe you’re smarter or maybe you can see better or it challenged people, because you’re different. And as contact lenses came online, contact lenses were about also being able to see, but nobody could see that you could see. And you weren’t called four-eyes, it was a more stealth way to integrate and stay unmarked in your group.

Unmarked, again, it’s the basic default form. Marked is what’s different. And the interesting thing about marking is just like the cultural lenses. Things can be marked in one context and then unmarked in another. And your marking status, depending on what group you’re in, can change over time, too. So maybe, for example, glasses were marked in the past and now they’re unmarked, because people wear them and nobody really pays attention.

In looking at a marking timeline between the past, the near-past, now and then I’m going to look in the future, the near-future and the future, you can see, in the past—is everybody with me on marking and unmarking? Okay.

In the past, glasses were really, really marked. In the near-past, they were kind of moving towards unmarked and contact lenses were really unmarked because you couldn’t see them. But laser surgery was kind of freaky, right? Remember when people were starting to get laser surgery. It was like, Oh, my god, you’re getting laser surgery? Why are you doing that?

But now laser surgery is unmarked because it’s common, people are getting it and also you can’t see the results. And glasses have become unmarked because everybody wears them. But contact lenses are sort of moving back up towards marking because why would you wear contacts if you could get the laser surgery? If you want to be unmarked, just go for it and change your eye.

And now things like, where’s Erin? Like, Erin wearing some recording video glasses, or the man from—there’s another man that’s wearing glasses, too, [to show his 7:23] phone. That’s marked. Out of this whole room of people, two people have these kind of interesting glasses, right? So they’re marked for us.

You can see how things are changing over time, how different technologies change as they’re included or not included in groups. So that’s just now again. In the near future, we’re going to see glasses being marked and contact lenses being marked and laser is starting to get up towards being marked again because, what? You’re not augmented? These are going to be more common. It’ll be unmarked and more acceptable to have an added technology rather than to not have anything or to have something that’s old.

This is not showing up very well. This is the MIT Eye.

Speaker
I was going to wait until you got a stopping point, but you seem to be combining marked, visible and accepted …

Sally Applin
I’ll get to that.

Speaker
Okay.

Sally Applin
It’s coming.

Speaker
Okay.

In the MIT Eye, the MIT Eye has—that’s that implant that’s going to be able to attach to the part of the eye to let blind people be able to see, stimulating through the brain. That’s marked until it becomes usual and maybe everybody’s going to want to just do it and maybe it’ll have a camera and be networked and things. And so what this is sort of showing is really about how things change status between marking and unmarking, depending on where you are in time, what’s available and as people adopt things, how it shifts.

Marking matters for a bunch of reasons. It’s a survival mechanism. If you’re marked in a group, you’re kind of that wounded prey. Does the group want to stay with someone that’s weak and wounded? Will the weak and wounded person pull the group down, if you’re hunting or something like that? And also, when somebody joins a group that’s marked for the rest of the unmarked group, do they have a special advantage? Is their behavior going to be predictable or not? Will they be crazy? How do we know? And that’s why people tend to choose similarities for some of these reasons.

And because groups organize around similarities, that marking can actually be used to determine whether or not you’re hidden or stealth within the group or just part of a group. And it also enables you to understand how to communicate within groups, when you understand what’s marked for them and what’s marked for you or not.

When I talk about cyborgs and marking, [we start] getting to acceptability. When I look at cyborgs, I think about the different kinds of cyborgs. I divided them into four categories. There’s voluntary and involuntary and hidden-invisible.

Hidden and involuntary is like the hurt ankle. She didn’t mean to fall, it wasn’t her fault and she has to have this technology that’s hidden within her. But what’s voluntary and hidden is she’s swallowing a QR code. So she’s just taking it in because she just wants to swallow that technology and digest it. This is not coming out as bright as I’d like, but this is voluntary-invisible. And in this one, this is her texting. So she’s willingly connecting to a network, she was walking through an airport when this photo was taken. So it’s a voluntary visible connection as a cyborg.

There she is in her wheelchair after she hurt her ankle. She’s very visibly a cyborg connected to a machine and it’s involuntary. Again, it wasn’t her fault. She didn’t mean to fall and hurt herself, but there she is standing out, marked in a group because she’s in a wheelchair.

How does this translate to acceptability? When you think about hidden versus visible—and I’m drawing a line right now for kind of modern society, not necessarily this crowd or people that are enthusiastic about technology, I’m just talking about the broad, overall societal expectations of what technology can do right now—having a pacemaker is probably the most acceptable. People have had it for a long time and also you can’t see it. There’s nothing about wearing a pacemaker that identifies someone as having to—they chose to do it. It’s not their fault. They either have one or they don’t live. So it’s an involuntary technology. You can’t blame someone for having a pacemaker.

The second probably most accepted technology that’s unmarked is voluntary, but hidden. This is when you do something to yourself that no one else can see. So, for example, this is a diagram of an implant that helps with OCD. It triggers stimulation in the brain to change behavior with OCD, but it’s absolutely embedded. No one can see that.

Now, the interesting thing about this category for being unmarked is it’s accepted and unmarked because it doesn’t create any difference at all, until—it’s stealth, this is stealth over here—until you tell somebody, or they find out. And then, when they find out that you’ve willingly augmented yourself, when you didn’t need to, when it wasn’t involuntary, then you’re down here, in a voluntary-visible category, which has very different acceptance right now.

The third category is a marked category. Again, this is like the woman in the wheelchair. This is Oscar. I put in a cat for Max. And it has, he has his bionic legs. And he’s marked because we can see his augmentation. But we also can’t assign any blame to him—not his fault what happened to him. Again, it’s visible, but we’re willing to make a concession to him as an injured party being part of our unmarked culture, because it wasn’t his fault.

The fourth category in terms of voluntary-visible are when people just voluntarily do stuff to augment that’s really, really visible. And that’s a harder thing right now, because the society isn’t at the moment conditioned to really understand and accept these differences, because of the way that we’re unmarked as a culture or the groups that we are. And this is the one that’s probably the least accepted at the moment, although in the future, this may be the most accepted and these things may all change places.

I’m going to talk a little bit about some of the cyborg technologies that can change the way we mark and hide. This one I particularly like. I don’t know if you know about the Otologics hearing aid. This is an embedded hearing aid that people have implanted in their skulls to be able to hear better. They can swim and do everything with it. The trials are going on Europe, it’s not in the U.S., and the company was very kind to share their slides with me.

The thing that’s very interesting about this technology is actually in the trials people can’t hear as well as they can with a regular hearing aid. And yet they still want this technology. Which is a really powerful force for wanting to be accepted, to be unmarked within a group.

Because it’s a technical crowd, I actually brought the slide up that shows all the pieces of how it works so that you all can enjoy learning about its cyborg-ness. I can’t explain all of it, how it goes together, but that shows you more about it. And it’s otologics.com. They don’t have a lot on their site, but this is what I got from them.

Speaker
[unintelligible] pressing against the bone, is that how it…?

Sally Applin
It’s implanted, so.

Speaker
And, on the implant, is it resting against the bone? How do they…”

Sally Applin
I don’t know. I’m sorry, I don’t know. I can ask, though, I’m happy to share my contact with you, if you want to ask him

The thing that’s interesting about this is, that’s a hidden, voluntary technology, right? That’s stealth. But also, to charge it, the battery lasts 20 years, but to charge it, they have to charge it 30 minutes once a day. And to do that, they have to stick a magnet onto their head where it is and then walk around with the battery pack for 30 minutes. Or stay at home or something. But it’s a really interesting way to play with this marked and unmarked, because they put it on, they’re marked. They take it off, they’re unmarked. But inside themselves, they’re hidden, anyway.

It’s just very interesting how they blend between—they can blend between worlds depending on—or, between groups, depending on which way they’re going, if they’re charging or not.

That’s kind of a blended one and this is one that’s just super-hidden and it’s just starting. I don’t know if you all have followed this research or know that much about it. I just found it and I thought it was just incredible. So, they’re predicting—they can put cells into, they can put transistors into cells now and they’re predicting they’ll be able to put 2500 in them by the year 2020. And what means is how are we going to be able to control ourselves at the cellular level. And that’s really hidden and really stealth and very interesting.

This is super-text-y, but I thought it was worth it to talk about their research. In implanting these things, they found they could keep the cell healthy and put these transistors in and seven days later 90% of the cells are still healthy. So they’re starting to speculate, what can we do with this? How can we change the way cells are functioning and how can we change the way we can make sensors and things? So people with the biology background might find this really a very interesting area to start learning about.

When we start doing this, we kind of get into policy. What’s happening if certain countries are doing this and we’re not? And certain other people are putting stuff in but they’re not telling us and they’re coming, they can be more stealth or hide or we want to do some technology and no one else wants to do it? And the thing about policy with markers is, just like with the glasses and all the vision things that we saw, policy and markers change together over time. When technologies come out, sometimes they’re sort of outrageous, it’s the Wild West, there’s new stuff, everybody’s using it, like we saw with the cellphone. And then all of a sudden people say, We must regulate this. And so they create these policies to regulate it. And the policy’s usually affecting what’s marked, what’s standing out. And once that marked stuff comes back into the culture as unmarked, then the policy shifts to the next thing that’s marked to pay attention to.

Policy is very controversial. So we talk about policy with the pervasiveness of cyborgism. How do you advocate? How do you decide that what’s involuntary and hidden or visible, why is that a priority? Is it because it’s involuntary, versus people that want to choose to become cyborgs in some way? Like, why is that okay or not? And so it’s going to start changing the way that we advocate and talk about our policy. And if we understand how to approach the policymakers who are not marked or unmarked for what we’re after, to sort of help us negotiate that realm.

Why should you care about all this? Why does this matter to this community of people that are developing cyborg technology or that are interested in it? As I said, understanding the context really does help and also if you’re creating a technology, you can understand that, right now, if you’re going to create a visible, voluntary technology, it’s not going to have as much widespread success, perhaps, as if you did something that was stealth or hidden or hidden and involuntary versus—or involuntary and visible. That, where the culture is now, between hiding and visible, there’s a certain acceptance that you might not get for your technology if you decide to do something that’s in a more, less acceptable category. And being able to be aware of what’s marked and unmarked gives you clues about how to move your technology through a culture.

The other reason why you should care is because you’re the hidden cyborg. In every culture and every group that you’re in, you’re marked, you’re unmarked, you’re visible, you’re hidden. Depending on where you go and what context you go between, it shifts the way that you are as a person and how you’re accepted or not accepted. And that’s really useful to know and play with.

It also gets to being able to do that and understand it, it’s really going to help your negotiation and development, as I said earlier. And it will help you to find places with other people that you might not usually play with to be able to play with, to create even a stronger advocacy or stronger product or technology.

Oops. And that’s all of us. And that’s me. Thank you.

'''Q&A''' TRANSCRIPT

I left a bunch of time for my talk because I thought maybe people would be interested in talking and this is a group of experts and I … I know certain things, but I don’t know others and I thought we could kind of learn from each other, if anyone wanted to have a discussion about this. I can bring up the policy slide.

Does anyone have any questions?

Speaker
One of the things that I expected you to talk about that you didn’t, kind of, was that the practice of self-marking to identify with groups. Is that called something besides “marking”?

Sally Applin
Marking is the way to … marking theory comes from linguistics and it’s really the way to talk about what differentiates from the default. So it’s not literally that you mark, it’s just that the idea of being marked versus default is that category. So, self-marking would be, would go in the voluntary category, which would either be hidden or visible, depending on what someone decided to do.

And to do that, yeah, it would reinforce joining—it would reinforce joining a group that you’d want to belong to and you’d want to become unmarked in. Does that answer your question?

Speaker
Yes.

Sally Applin
Okay.

Speaker
How do you define voluntary versus involuntary?

Sally Applin
Well, my advisor and I were talking about this, because I wasn’t sure, either. And I thought, well, there’s some times when people need something cyborg or need some engineering help to help them exist and live. Versus they don’t really need it. So that’s how we define it. Involuntary is, if you don’t do this, you’ll lower your quality of life, you’ll—like a cat, if they don’t have their legs, it’s very hard for them.

Speaker
[unintelligible] situation as opposed to how you, how the situation actually is?

Speaker
Yes.

Speaker
Isn’t it how others perceive the situation instead of how the situation actually is?

Sally Applin
I chose to do it in terms of, with defining marking, it’s how it is with that, what that situation is. If all cats have four functioning legs and a cat has two artificial legs, that cat is marked. And it’s involuntary, because the cat couldn’t decide whether or not it wanted legs, someone put legs in it.

So, for marking, that’s the example. But for voluntary and involuntary—involuntary is you don’t choose to do it. If the government says we’re going to RFID all of you and it’s not a choice, that’s an involuntary augmentation.

Speaker
[unintelligible] one more quick question. Is it the person who is making the change decides whether it’s involuntary or voluntary? Or is it the person who’s perceiving them as marked to decide if it’s involuntary or voluntary?

Sally Applin
It’s the person that makes the change.

Speaker
Okay.

Sally Applin
But some people—like, for example, if you have an unconscious, if someone’s wounded and unconscious and the only thing that will save them is a pacemaker …

Speaker
Sure. I’m thinking like transgender people.

Sally Applin
Yeah. So specifically, I was going for—you mean, using an augmentation to transgender?

Speaker
Sure.

Sally Applin
Okay. So, that’s voluntary, but it’s also involuntary in terms of their…that’s like on the fence between hidden and stealth. It’s on the fence between voluntary and involuntary. Because they have an internal process that is involuntary, let’s say. I don’t know a lot about the transgender community, but I would say they have an internal process that makes them want to change. And yet they’re volunteering to pursue that change in a—it’s like a hardware/software case.

Speaker
[unintelligible]…about who is the one who decided.

Sally Applin
The person who’s consciously making the decision is, unless you’re a cat. I don’t mean that in a glib way, but...

Speaker
[I thought] marking was what a group of people do to each other as opposed to what you do to self.

Sally Applin
So, you do.

Speaker
You stand out by doing something that changes from the default. But it’s still something that’s perceived by the other people.

Sally Applin
It’s kind of both. Like, I’m standing up and, for the most case, there’s some people that are leaning. But I’m standing up and everyone’s sitting down. So in the group of people that are sitting down, I’m marked. But if I sit down and you all stand up, I’m still marked, but if I sit down and we’re all there, then I’m unmarked. Does that answer your question?

Speaker
[unintelligible] the transgender thing, also. What about like the deaf community and now there are some … there’s a specific deafness where you can have surgery for it. What if your parents decide to augment [you], child, and then your community rejects you because you’re [unintelligible]. Like, the reverse. What would you call that?

Sally Applin
So, if you’re a child and your…if you’re a child living in a hearing family and you don’t have hearing and you’re marked in your family. So the family decides to unmark you by giving you the surgery so you can hear. And then you now, unless you’re stealth and you don’t talk when you’re in your deaf community except through the traditional [change], you are either stealth and unmarked in the deaf community, or you are marked because you are augmented and you’re a hearing person within that community. And that’s how those lenses shift. Does that…?

Speaker
So what if you’re … you were born into a deaf community and your family augments…?

Sally Applin
Then that’s involuntary, right?

Speaker
Right.

Sally Applin
Yeah. Because it’s involuntary, too—again, that’s policy. It’s involuntary because you’re a child, you’re under 18, parents have jurisdiction over bodies at a certain age and that kind of thing. And that’s why policy is really important to learn to advocate for these things.

Speaker
I’m wondering about where things are at right now with prosthetics and voluntary—I haven’t done research on this in a long time, but the last time I did, you couldn’t dismember yourself in order to gain a prosthetic limb, because the doctor who had done so would lose their license and you would probably be institutionalized?

Sally Applin
Yes.

Speaker
Is that still the case? Where’s the policy?

Sally Applin
I don’t know where the policy is right now. I know that they’re pushing it because when I was looking around for different things to use in the talk, there’s people that are embedded spikes under their skin so you see the bumps, but not the spikes. And people obviously are chipping themselves and putting things in their hands and somebody has to do that, surgically.

But that’s different than…there’s some really interesting thing in the culture now that it’s okay to have stuff stuck on you and it’s okay to have stuff drawn on you or put through you. But if you put things through or stick stuff on you and there’s wires connected to it—and we’re getting better, because of iPads and iPhones and stuff like that, or, sorry, iPods and stuff like that—there’s still this—there’s this really weird creeped-out factor between hooking electronics and being embedded. And doing something like severe, like cutting off a limb or something like that—I don’t think that the policy’s there to do that.

Now, it might change with the new runners and their new legs, we might evolve in the way future to everybody voluntarily doing that. Does that answer your question? Like, that’s how all this stuff changes over time and policy sort of ... follows along.

Speaker
[unintelligible]

Sally Applin
Yeah, but we have an option, too, if you understand this stuff, to be better activists. It helps to be better activists.

Speaker
So you can’t actively dismember yourself, but if you were accidently dismembered…?

Sally Applin
Yeah.

Speaker
And it’s what people who have the weird brain thing where they think that they’re amputees and really have…

Speaker
Right, yeah.

Speaker
…they have to force an accident on themselves.

Speaker
Right. I read this article about a man who had a motorcycle accident and he lost part of his finger, he had a [unintelligible]. So is that—that’s not the same, though.

Speaker
That’s not on purpose.

Speaker
Right, but [unintelligible].

Speaker
No, it was actual…

Speaker
Accident?

Speaker
…you know, will ask the surgeon to remove a body part.

Sally Applin
Because they’re supposed to do no harm. They promised to do no harm. And what is harm and is what harm is going to change? Harm is marked right now. And so if that changes—if we change we all want harm to be more evolved humans and that’s unmarked, then it might be do more harm. Or do more good and good is cutting limbs off and augmenting. And that’s…

Speaker
[unintelligible]

Sally Applin
The point of my talk really, too, is to share with you how we identify in groups and to be able to understand that this stuff changes over time and depends on context. And you can use those tools in hacking way to further whatever causes you’re working on in a cyber community that you care about.

Speaker
I’m thinking about all the high schoolers, the permanent little ear bud, headphones all the time and you see the studies that are going on their hearing, because the iPod usage and … Or these, like a girl just got hit by a train again crossing train tracks with their ear buds in. And I’m wondering what your opinion is of how people are changing their natural body by using technology? Basically shifting—so, at a young age, they’re destroying their hearing and then how do you see that manifesting in the future? Do you think …

Sally Applin
They’re going to get hit by more cars.

Speaker
…or hearing aids, like—I’m just being [unintelligible].

Sally Applin
Well, again, it goes back to the hearing discussion. Right now, having that kind of hearing damage is, it’s hidden, for the most part. It only shows up when people start to talk, but just to look at someone—I mean, we’re visual first. So, if you’re in a group and you look at someone, you won’t know that they have that significant hearing loss.

There’s going to be a group of people, a whole cohort of young people that are going to suffer hearing loss. And hearing loss I think tends to show up later, so they’ll do damage now, but it’ll show up later. And that’s going to be kind of interesting. Maybe that’s why they’re pushing these implants, because they’ll know that there’s a group coming up that will want to do that and then that will be more common.

The stuff that I study is about how—it’s kind of how we hack culture. Like, we don’t just receive culture. We’re constantly making it and reinventing it and changing it as we move through different groups. And people are making decisions to do things to their bodies that impact whether or not they belong, whether or not they can fix it and that, in a small way, just as individuals might not matter just for them, but the aggregate of any of these small changes, it causes these really big waves. So we’ll just see … and that shifts really big waves of what’s marked and unmarked and we’ll see that coming up.

So I hope that answered you.

Speaker
Sure.

Sally Applin
Okay.

End of audio

IoT - Internet of Things

2025-10-27T20:27:36Z

Sally:

== '''IoT O'Reilly Solid' - Transcript'' ==

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Sally Applin and Michael D. Fischer,[http://solidcon.com/internet-of-things-2015/public/schedule/speaker/78722 Thing Theory: Making Sense of IoT Complexity] O'Reilly Solid, San Francisco, June 23, 2015

'''TRANSCRIPT:'''

Sally Applin

Thing Theory: Making Sense of IoT Complexity

O'Reilly Solid, June 23, 2015

I’m Sally Applin. I’m a Doctoral Candidate at the University of Kent in Canterbury in Anthropology (with Technology) and this talk is about making sense of IoT complexity with something we’re calling Thing theory. I tweet as @AnthroPunk.

This talk is about how and why to develop and apply trusted technology to manage relationships between people and IoT technologies. As we’re building all these technologies we’re also going to have to interface with people and a legacy of systems in the physical world and we need to figure out how to do that. We also need to understand agency, which I’ll explain, and cooperation and sociability, outcome from these complex information flows (which we call [http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality]), and the design problem of heterogeneity. Lots of different systems, lots of different options. And Thing theory is one approach that we have towards resolving this.

Heterogeneous is just an idea that things are mixed up. That there are dissimilar or diverse ingredients. Heterogeneity is great, we like it, keeps our species diverse, keeps us robust. But it also can create problems if things are too heterogeneous that they don’t have enough commonality. Then there’s nothing to share or have in common. That can be a problem if it keeps people from interacting.

In the IoT, not everyone is going to have the same hardware or software. We saw this with mobile quite a bit, right? We’re seeing people with devices that are configured differently, different apps, different locations, different networks, and it causes a problem if not everyone has the same device or the same capabilities that were fragmented.

Sociability is the tradeoffs people make to cooperate. If you don’t hear anything else I say today, '''this is the most important thing: that some yielding on all parties is required for cooperation.''' If you have people that are absolutely steadfast in their opinions and they won’t yield in any way, there’s no way to cooperate. There’s no way to share information. So people and systems have to yield to be able to create cooperation to get to the goal of making things.

Designing for the IoT is designing for heterogeneity, sociability, and agency. Agency is our ability to select choices from options. And sometimes we select choices that are outside of agreed options. In this case, people are going through an intersection and they both decided to take agency. They weren’t taking the same agency, and they collided and they stopped. We don’t want that to happen with our IoT technology.

Agency is the capacity to make these non-deterministic choices from the set of options. Depending on how we can exercise options really has to do with our skill level. We may see a lot of possibility and a lot of options, but we might not be able to actually exercise them, because we don’t have the skill. Usually we can see more options than we’re actually skilled to be able to choose and enact. But technology might be able to help us do that and that’s why we like the technology for the IoT is it can create more options for us which gives us more choices. It kind of empowers us.

If we think of agency as a ratio of choices to options, sometimes agency will be predictable. If you have a friend that you know that knows you really well, sometimes you can shortcut deeper explanations in conversation because they just know you and you’re able to just kind of nod and move to the next thing. And that might be based on your culture, your social frames, your relationship. But more complex situations don’t always have that foundation. It’s not as simple as making a simple menu choice or making a simple interaction. Some of these choices require preparation and social activity to derive that context where that choice is available.

Cooperation is something that’s really required with the IoT and, as you know, with interoperability, cooperation is really important. When we look at this slide, we’re looking at a road space. That road space and the wind towers? Those are the result of a massive amount of the legacy of human cooperation over many, many years. People came together to build all the industries and all the systems that make that work. That’s engineering, civil engineering, asphalt, mining, design, regulation, all of it. With that network, we’re able to do things. We have different goods and services delivered. We are able to—it’s changed the way we do agriculture. Having roads and having technology that cooperated and created this legacy system as these people worked together enables us to do stuff. We need to do stuff for our survival.

To cooperate, we have to share information. We have to share information. Remember, if you don’t yield, there’s no way to share information. If we don’t share information, there’s no way to cooperate. Cooperation is very social. The active sharing is a tradeoff, a give-and-take, a trusted environment.

Shared experience is social. Remember I was talking about how if you have a friend and they know you? If you have a shared experience, that’s a shortcut to having a commonality that gives you a base for creating a social experience and creating cooperation.

Agency and trust are required for sociability. The foundation of what makes people social and what makes a social relationship is when people come together, they form a sort of a social contract. We have one here. I agreed to come and talk and you came to listen and maybe ask questions or think about things and maybe you’ll teach me things, too. But we have this engagement. At any time any one of us could take free agency. I could get up and leave. You could get up and leave. We could do other things.

What makes us social is the ability to choose to have the social contract to engage with one another. And the effect of cooperative social relationships depends on how well we trust each other. We have a little trust here. You trust I’ll speak and I trust you’ll be there and that’s how this works.

In exchange, we both get interesting knowledge. I might tell you something that might be useful for you. In questions or after, you might tell me something that’s useful for me. We help each other to have extra knowledge. That’s how social experience and cooperation helps us. We can share knowledge and we’re both better off.

People expect the IoT to—I think people expect the IoT to integrate with their devices. I don’t think they’re expecting that it’s not going to work that way. One of the things that I’m quite concerned about is when we have automation and we have processes and scripts that are very strict and are unyielding, people become afraid of them taking over and losing their agency and losing their ability to make decisions for themselves. That’s important.

When we see people and mobile devices we may think that they’re siloed, that they’re actually looking at their own thing that’s not related to the local locale at all. But in fact they’re actually being very social, just not in the local locale. We care a lot about this because the local locale is where the IoT is, right? We're at SOLID, we’re the Internet of Things, we’re connecting back to the local locale. When we have a community of people that are connected and we don’t know who they’re connected to or where they’re connected—are they connected remotely to, they’re cooperating with someone really far away? Or are they connected next to each other? We don’t know. The local locale becomes really important.

In this case, in this slide, we’re talking about, when we see people looking at devices, one of the things we also cannot assume is that they are doing single tasks, that their devices are doing single tasks, and that the cloud behind their devices is doing a single task. We look at human-human, human-machine, and machine-to-machine communication and it’s all going on at the same time.

People are using different filters, different social media, different applications to help corral and control some of that. But those systems are actually message generators, too, so they create new messages in a different way.

We call this [http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality]. And what [http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality] actually is is that we’re modeling the whole communication space. We’re modeling our social interaction today, we’re modeling analog and digital communication, we’re modeling—it’s the idea that everything lives within this umbrella of messages that are multiplexed, multiple, synchronous and asynchronous. It’s happening all the time. But the other thing that’s going on is there’s these dynamic bursts that come up. Different configurations of communication create different dynamic structures within [http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality] that recede and then new ones come up. And being aware that this is going on is really important. When you think about heterogeneity, do you think about messages that your devices are going to be communicating?

[http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality] is a communications model of these dynamic relational structures that may or may not result in understood communication. This is really important. If you have a situation where people are using their devices, and we see this with mobile, the communication may or may not connect. It might not be synchronous. It might be a little synchronous. It might be completely asynchronous. What we’re seeing, with mobile, that people are taking advantage of this and starting to use their time asynchronously. They’re connecting when it’s convenient for them. Remember I talked about “not yielding”? So people are using the mobile device and the capabilities it’s afforded them to be able to communicate when they want, through whatever channel they want, to who they want. So some common knowledge and common shared experience in the environment is getting left out.

In doing so, there’s an assumption that the recipient is actually going to get those messages and that doesn’t always happen. There’s a case of people that empty their inbox and just say, oh, well, I think that they’ll just write back. If it’s really important, they’ll write back. A lot of messages get missed. And if you miss messages and don’t have enough overlap, if it’s critical, then there’s a lot of trouble that happens in terms of communication that affects us in our physical environment.

When environments are social, because of that agency, there can be that fragmentation but there also could be cooperation and it’s not an either/or, it just depends on situations and context. So it’s stretchy and we need to remember that.

Looking at this slide, we can see that [http://www.posr.org PoSR] has this complex interactive environment. This is one, tiny slice of mobile use and we all know what we see with people using devices. They’re walking into things or missing messages or getting too many ourselves and not being sure how to control them. This is just like one little bit.

[http://www.posr.org PoSR] emerges when people are doing things and making these messages, because they actually want to maintain relationships. They want to connect to other people. They’re trying to solve a problem. Trying to cooperate, access different information, and try to connect with one another, to maintain their relationships. Because they actually want to have that shared experience and connection. But it’s not necessarily going on in the local locale and that’s kind of the problem with part of that is that the cognition’s happening in different places.

[http://www.posr.org PoSR] is modeling and representing these multiple relative viewpoints, these dynamic relative viewpoints that show up in relation to each other. It’s describing the structure of fragmentation and multiplexing and individuation that can happen, but also this connection and cooperation that’s all happening simultaneously.

It’s going to get more complex. We have AR, which is another layer that’s going to be added to mobile devices and the IoT, what we’ll have augmented reality, so people are looking at different messages and not everyone’s using augmented reality. That’s another heterogeneity piece. VR has a different interaction model. Even AR’s a little more social, whereas people add glasses, they can still see things. But once you seal things up, remove people, put them on the network, that’s even more heterogeneous.

If we have—I had put “40” in the abstract, but 30 to 80 billion IoT devices in five years, and that’s just the devices, that’s not the messages that the devices are creating, something that we should solve.

Our goal for the IoT is, let’s not increase the complexity.

Messages need that coordinated process because if we don’t coordinate the process of messages and receiving, we don’t receive the messages. If we don’t receive the messages, things can happen. Bad things. Like boats driving through bridges because they didn’t realize the bridge was closed or the bridge was the wrong size or they were looking at their cellphone.

Knowing human needs, as I said earlier, helps to coordinate many messages because you can shortcut through shared experience. We think that [http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality (PoSR)] with the IoT is helpful because because of the complexity, developers can use the idea of [http://www.posr.org PoSR], could use the understanding that there is this dynamic relational structure that does change the way people use time and space to help them develop agents to manage that in a better way.

Agents are required to do things like mediate communication. So they can help if messages aren’t connecting. They can be aware of that and figure out how to help that. Agents can invoke agency entrusted context, so they can seek and gather information and then, if they need to share it, if they need it to negotiate with another agent in a trusted environment, they can do that on someone’s behalf.

Thing Theory. [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Thing Theory] is our suggestion of where we might go towards organizing this. If you’re not familiar, Charles Addams wrote a cartoon called “The Addams Family.” It was a macabre, Gothic family. And they had what they called a Family, Friend and Retainer that worked as sort of in a servant capacity. And it lived in a series of tabletop boxes throughout their environment, or wherever they happened to be. Thing is a disembodied hand that would just show up in context and do things.

As an agent model, we like Thing. And we think Thing—if you think like Thing, it might help manage these multiplexed communications, because remember, the goal is actually to design for the heterogeneity and to figure out how to make agency-based systems that are useful and unobtrusive.

Thing listens and follows directions. It changes location. It anticipates needs. It takes action by offering solutions. It assists with tasks. It communicates information and uses knowledge that it’s built up. And it offers continued communication. Here it is listening and following directions:

'''Clip of Thing and Gomez in Living Room:'''

[Thing is scratching Gomez's back in the living room from its box in the living room with a hand-shaped back scratcher.]

''GOMEZ: A little higher and to the right, Thing. Yes. That’s it. Thank you, Thing.''

I have a couple of these to go through. Here it is listening and following directions, but changing location, anticipating needs and taking action by offering some solutions.

'''Clip of Thing and Morticia in the Greenhouse:'''

[Morticia is crying in the Greenhouse and Thing comes out of it's box in the Greenhouse offers her a handkerchief.]

MORTICIA: ''Thank you, Thing! I’m sorry I made a spectacle of myself, Thing, but my world is come down around my ears. There’s another woman. It’s true, there is. I knew you’d be blasé about it. You’ve never been married. Or have you?''

[Thing gives a 'thumbs down' gesture]

MORTICIA: Thing, what am I going to do?

[Thing makes a fist and we hear a hitting sound.]

MORTICIA: Oh, no, no violence. I wouldn’t care for it.

[Thing makes a scratching gesture and we hear a scratching sound.]

MORTICIA: No eye scratching.

[Thing makes a yanking gesture and we hear a pulling sound.]

MORTICIA: Nor hair pulling. Thank you, anyway, Thing.

MORTICIA: Thing? Wish me luck.

[Thing crosses its fingers.]

MORTICIA: Thank you, Thing. You’re a true friend.''

And Thing also can assist with tasks.

'''Clip of Thing and Uncle Fester in the Living Room'''
[Uncle Fester is dictating a letter to Thing in the living room, who is writing it down from one of its boxes in the living room with a quill and ink on paper.]

UNCLE FESTER: ''I can truthfully say I have never let breeding, social position or looks go to my head. I am looking forward to meeting someone of the opposite sex with these same qualities. Signed, Modesty.''

[Thing hands Uncle Fester the writing and Uncle Fester reads it.}

UNCLE FESTER: ''Excellent. You have a very delicate handwriting. Thank you, Thing.''

And Thing communicates information, uses knowledge and here it is, offering different solutions.

'''Clip of Gomez, a guest, Puglsy, Thing and Morticia in the Living Room'''
[A guest has fainted on the living room sofa and Gomez is trying to revive her.]

GOMEZ: ''There she goes again.''

[Pugsly comes by with a toad.]

GOMEZ: ''Pugsly get that toad out of here. Once you take a toad out here, things like this upset him. She’s obviously not a well person. Quick, someone get a glass of water.''

[Thing's box in the living room by the sofa opens and he hands Gomez a glass of water.] Thank you, Thing. [The fainted woman awakes sees Thing and faints again.]

GOMEZ: ''There she goes again.''

MORTICA: [enters] ''What’s all the commotion, Gomez?''

GOMEZ: ''Fred Waters sent us a fainter.''

MORTICIA: ''Well, maybe you better get her some smelling salts.''

[Thing's box opens and he hands Morticia a bottle of smelling salts.]

MORTICIA: ''Thank you, Thing.''

Thing offers continued communication. This next example is actually pretty interesting, because at one point it offers an option that will create more options and we’re interested in that, because that increases agency and increases capabilities.

'''Clip of Thing and Wednesday in the Entry Hall'''
[Wednesday is looking for Lurch in the front entry hall.]

WEDNESDAY: ''Lurch, Lurch, where are you?''

[Thing comes out of its box in the front entry hall and points to another room.]

WEDNESDAY: ''The playroom? It isn’t nice to tattle, Thing, but thank you, anyways.''

[In the playroom]

WEDNESDAY: ''Lurch? Where are you, Lurch? It’s me, Wednesday. Do you hear me?''

[Thing makes a knocking sound and opens its box in the playroom, pointing out Lurch's hiding place to Wednesday.]

WEDNESDAY: [whispers] ''Thank you, Thing.''

Lurch actually needs to change his preferences with the Thing agent so it won’t rat him out. Or it will after he gets enough time to hide.

Thing as an agent model is interesting, because it’s location-ware, with multiple location access points. It senses needs in multiple locations. It responds to needs with action, it takes action. It works as a data store, so it builds long relationships over time and stores that information and learns, because it’s a trusted environment. In doing so, it can expand the agency of network members by offering choices they might not consider or its capabilities to synthesize things enables them to have those extra capabilities, which I talked about earlier.

A Thing-agent is what we call, in our model of Thing Theory, what we call our agent, and it transforms this complex jumble of services into the successful technological context, because it manages both the technology and the human relationships. It enables humans to have as much agency as possible in an IoT environment. Remember, we’re concerned about scripts and processes restricting choice and options for humans.

[http://www.posr.org PoSR] is a given. It just is. It motivates us in our research to look for gaps. We’re looking at those gaps in how information is distributed. When these dynamic structures emerge, what are we seeing that’s missing, that’s not synchronous, how is behavior affecting that? The system that we advocate for should be flexible enough to accommodate both people and the choices and options they want to make, away from something stricter and more of a decision tree.

We also think that the system should politely and faithfully, in a trusted environment, serve users. But it also needs to have its own agency to do the jobs of managing things that it needs to do and facilitate system functions.

A typical IoT application system is a discrete system. There are sensors and actuators, micro-controllers—it might look something like this. And our Thing-agent manages that. It manages one or more hardware components. And these components register themselves with Thing. If they don’t, Thing has network access and it can look up information about what’s connected to it to understand it. Thing can manage components’ external data and Internet access. Thing is managing the information collection of these devices.

Thing-agents work with other Thing-agents or other meta agents that are not part of the Thing system. There are going to be plenty of vendors and ideas about how to manage things in a meta way and they’re going to need to negotiate with each other, because that’s a lot of heterogeneity between devices and vendors, as well. We’re trying to encourage the people that are building these systems to consider sociability so that agency can be preserved and information can be shared and cooperation can happen.

Using this information from components, Things can share information without betraying the trust of the relationship, of the user if it needs to for certain functionality. We’re looking at things with Thing Theory—we’re looking at the autonomous vehicle instantiation. How are cars on the road social with one another to negotiate movement and so forth?

A Thing-agent is a manager and a participant in the network simultaneously, and its roles are to manage components and Thing agent relationships and to manage relationships with people. It’s paying attention to the system of components, but it’s also keeping and understanding and building a relationship with the people in the environment over time.

A Thing-agent has some principles. It’s a meta agent. It operates over an entire context. Its capabilities are based on what is connected to it. Its ability to extend, its ability to have capabilities is limited by what’s available at a sub-component level for it. It must be context-aware. It has to be able to identify different capabilities in different contexts and to select the most appropriate ones to offer as options and choices. Thing it works with other meta agents. It helps expand their capabilities, too. Just like when we come together, if we teach each other things, we both leave enriched, those agents can work together to exchange information and exchange permissions to help each other out in an interoperability way.

To think like a Thing agent, build up a composite pieces and see how they connect together. Thing needs to function without instruction at a low level and discover the relationships within the environment. Thing has to manage all those messages and manage the relationships around those messages.

Be context-aware. What you’re making in the IoT has a context. It has context in an environment and that context helps with figuring out what options and choices are available. Offer many choices. This is really important because, with agency, what we see in some of our writing on scripts and processes, which is at posr.org in our publications, we look at this. We look at the constraining and brittleness of systems that are—where the processes are too refined, too pre-decided. And in funneling people through limited choice, it’s really easy to program, or it’s easier to program, but it limits people’s ability for what they can choose. This is worrying for us as an aggregate of our population.

Offer choices and offer choices that give people even more choices. Which is opening options. Open options so that people have much more ability to discover and supply knowledge and skill through an assistance of a capability that they didn’t know that they could have. Because technology can do that really well. The technology can open these options and, because it has processed some things in the background that the human couldn’t do, it enables them to make some other choices.

Remember, people are expecting cooperation and interoperability and we have to address that, especially when we’re having mobile AR, VR, wearables, IoT, things connected, civic systems—could be a really interesting IoT.

Our Thing agent must interface to user agents—that’s people and others. It can interface between multiple IoT environments that may be using and supporting the same location or a different location. If I go somewhere and I bring my Thing with me, my Thing-agent with me, it could help negotiate with the system that I move in, to change the temperature or do the things that might need it to do. Thing serves at a minimum to inform users and user agents of capabilities of the IoT in terms that make sense to the people and other things interacting at a higher level in the interface.

How do we do it? Well, we suggest and what we’d like to do, what we’re trying, is implementing Thing Theory as a simulation. Not simulating it and then building it, but keeping the simulation as part of the programming environment, part of the operating environment. It simulates [http://www.posr.org PoSR] and gives the Thing-agent the ability to forecast, communicate and repair emergent structure issues as they come up. If you have an instance of a deontic logic structure and there’s something that you know is not connecting, maybe there’s a different way to address that through a fast simulation before actually giving an option or a choice. Simulation improves the probability of a smoother operation and coordination with humans, but it’s built in.

It also gives true agency to components or things that need it because it doesn’t always have to be a master-slave relationship. It could be a relationship where components do what’s required and provide information as needed.

This is the part of the talk where I’m repeating things that Mike and I talked about and wrote from our paper and he is much more gifted in the logic but I am giving you this information because this is sort of the key to how we are approaching this problem.

Simulation requires this approach to modeling that can deal with potentiality as well as action. Deontic logic has been the choice of logic for what we’re doing. It includes these modal operators and has been demonstrated to be a useful basis for constructing models for sensitive, real-time, time and location-aware interactions between agents of different types. That’s exactly what the IoT needs, with heterogeneity and multiple messages and integrating people’s phones. The simulation is making it easier to introduce new agents, as well, and new conditions and new outcomes into the model.

The two papers that we have used for this deontic logic are Castro and Maibaum. They present a logic that’s suitable for representing interrelations between agents of different types, including agents that have agency, and it’s extended a treatment of representing reasoning with agency. Dong and Li as well. Castro and Maibaum is 2007 and Dong and Li is 2013. They look at axiomatic, algebraic formulation of that logic that’s likely to be useful. An advantage of modeling with this logic is that it’s easy to introduce new agents and new conditions and new outcomes, and those are all the things that we’ll be subjected to with the IoT.

Again, heterogeneity, sociability, and agency. We have diverse things—diverse hardware, diverse software, diverse apps, diverse people, diverse cultures, diverse time, diverse space, diverse management of time. Designing for the IoT has to take into account all of this and also figuring out how not only we as people are going to be made to be social, but how we’re going to design sociability for these devices and their outcomes. Again, it’s a tradeoff. People have to yield and systems have to yield to be able to have a cooperative environment.

In programming and some of the systems that we’ve seen, it’s great. People design a program and it’s out there and we have to use it. Maybe it’s not how we want to use it and maybe it doesn’t work for us exactly. But that’s what’s on offer and that’s what we use and we’ve adapted to that. But we’re not really that thrilled with it over time, because it limits some of the things we have to do. To do that we figure out how to work around it or how to not do it or, in big companies we see that people do workarounds. They do what we call covert agency. The people designing the processes and the programs think they’re working, but the workers are kind of doing other stuff to make that process work.

We want to be sure that there’s yielding, so processes aren’t too brittle and we don’t have a false process running that’s not really actually working and then people struggling to make the process work rather than having a cooperative environment where we both learn together and share.

Also, we don’t want to do this. Thing really must be cooperative. It might have—we want it to have agency, but we don’t want it to have that kind of agency. We want it to be friendly to users and we want a system to work.

Back in April, April a year ago, Radar asked, Will the IoT be won by startups or established companies with lots of resources? My reply at the time, which I actually still believe, the IoT is going to be won by whoever successfully solves this heterogeneity problem, because devices do need to be social. We’ve hit a point both in our culture and in our technology where we have to yield and play together or we’re not going to accomplish the things we need to to get us these new capabilities that we actually want to have.

The paper that this talk was from is called [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments.] The logic is explained more, there’s much more there for you if you’re interested. That’s at posr.org/wiki/publications and it’s publication #6.

Thank you for your time, I appreciate it. I know I’m right between you and a party, so, thank you very much.

Social Augmented Reality

2025-10-27T20:27:26Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

"Social Augmented Reality":

• Augmented World Expo (AWE 2015), June 2015, Santa Clara, CA

== '''Social Augmented Reality: What it is. How to get it. Towards a Multiuser Social AR Experience.' Video and Transcript'' ==

'''VIDEO'''

Full Length VIdeo: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-D8rZYTELn0 Video Complete Talk: given by Sally Applin with Michael Fischer • Social Augmented Reality: What it is. How to get it.Towards a Multiuser Social AR Experience. • AWE 2015]

'''TRANSCRIPT:'''

Sally Applin
Michael Fischer

Social Augmented Reality:

What It Is, How to Get it.

Towards a Multiuser Social AR Experience.

Sally Applin

I’m going to talk about social augmented reality, what it is, how to get it. And looking at working towards a multi-user social AR experience. This is from a publication that came out in the IEEE consumer electronics magazine, the most recent issue, in April. We have a full article and I’m giving a snapshot of that.

We look at social augmented reality, we’re trying to figure out what are cooperation and sociability? What makes people social? And what are the outcomes for mobile that we’re seeing that are changing the way we are social? We’re going to look at PolySocial Reality, and the design problem of heterogeneity, which is what we’re getting when we’re looking at all of these people using all of these devices.

The goal is to develop cooperation and designing shared experiences and connecting people through those shared experiences. And we’re going to move through Magic Bus towards what I like to call “social blue brain,” which will make sense as we move forward.

What is social augmented reality? It has those elements of sociability, cooperation and shared experience. Cooperation is this. If we look at the highway and we look at the windfarm behind it, that is a representation of human’s massive amount of cooperative effort. Metal mining, manufacturing, engineering, all the social structures that came together to make the road system, to make the things that we use and don’t even think about. We came here in cars. Cars were collaborations, between humans, between humans and robots, between robots and robots. All that is a result of cooperation.

Cooperation requires the shared information. We can’t cooperate unless we share information with each other. If we’ve developed systems where we’re not able to do that, it’s harder for us to cooperate. I hate to be a downer about it, but if we don’t cooperate we die. We really do need each other.

We help each other in different ways. This is one way that we’re social and we cooperate. This is another. The bakery doesn’t exist without that people that—baked goods can’t exist without the people that make them and the raw materials that are made by others. These women working on their robot, that robot’s not going to work unless they come together, collaborate, share information to work together.

Social is also shared experience. He is sharing an experience with his camel. It may not be an experience that both of them could communicate about yet. But we’re also looking at human-animal communication.

Also, something like this hot air balloon where people are sharing an experience together, or the kids playing with Legos. They each may be individually building something, but they’re actually having a shared experience of that Lego environment as they’re hanging out at Maker Faire making things.

The current landscape is social. But there’s a lot less shared experience in the local locale. We’re being very social. Everybody in this picture is actually connecting to people. But they’re not connecting to people in their presence, they’re connecting to people in a distance presence. And that sociability that’s remote and not local changes our local experience.

When you’re on the street looking at people, they might look like they’re doing something like this. They’re not social, they’re not part of us. And certainly that’s what came out when we were starting to see mobile permeate in the last six, seven, eight years.

What they’re really doing is they’re looking at lots of different things. When you see someone on the street looking at a mobile, they’re not just looking at their mobile. They’re looking at maybe lots of different things and their mobile might be looking at other things on their behalf. You check in at Foursquare. That’s going to send messages to people that may send messages back. Or if you’re sending something on Facebook, it’s a broadcast medium, you may be actively texting to people that are cycling back. There’s a lot of messages that are going on that are multiply social. It’s not a single synchronous sociability in mobile. It’s multiple.

We call that PolySocial Reality. PolySocial Reality, or POSR, is the idea that we have this system that we’re currently in that everybody’s in, where each message is counted. If we just take for granted every single message—we know people are sending lots of them. We know their machines are sending lots of them. We know that they are showing up in synchronous messages that we’re connecting in real time and we’re doing messages asynchronously, we’re sending messages that people may read and respond to later. If you take the whole universe of messages, that’s what we’re calling PolySocial Reality.

And POSR has a really complex interactive environment. This is one photo of one group using devices. And if you think about all the multiple messaging going on just in that snapshot and you take the aggregate of all the people doing these things, you can see that it grows. And it becomes a very complex problem.

Just to recap, PolySocial Reality describes the aggregate of multiplexed, multiple, synchronous or asynchronous individual data creations. And they can be things just we speak or the things our devices are generating or the things that we generate. And it has outcomes. And some of the outcomes are great. We can expand our networks, we expand our connections. The people that we can socialize with are maybe around the globe and we’re very close to them instantly. It’s great.

But it also creates these individual experiences that fragment us in the local locale. And asynchronicity has become this adaptive strategy. People use asynchronicity to change the way they’re managing their time. People may defer to late at night to write messages when they know people won’t write back. Or they may have so many messages that they just pitch it and wait and they think, oh, well, the most important people, they’ll write back. And that may or may not happen. If our messages that are asynchronous don’t overlap enough, we don’t get that communication. If we don’t get communication, we can’t have cooperation, because we’re no longer sharing a story or a narrative. It’s really critical that we actually do connect with our messages. And because of PolySocial Reality and all these messages and all this asynchronicity and synchronicity happening at the same time, stories can be fragmented.

We’re going to have soon to be a more complex environment. It’s going to get worse. Or better, depending. People are going to have another layer of complexity on top of the PolySocial Reality we’re already experiencing. We’re going to have AR, another layer on top of our messaging, as we’re starting to have. And we’re also going to have the IoT and other things that are generating more messages for us.

We look at heterogeneity and sociability. We’re looking at heterogeneity as a complexity. Dissimilar, diverse, complicated, mixed. We look at AR hardware. Not everyone’s going to have the same kind. Some people might have head-mounted, people might be looking through phones. It’s going to be different. People have different apps. They’re in different locations. There’s different network structures. People are different genders, different cultures, different ethnicities, and they’re using different devices, different apps. There’s a lot of heterogeneity. And when we talk about designing for AR, we’re designing heterogeneity and sociability.

And sociability’s really difficult if the AR in devices is only being carried by you and those around you, not everyone. The fact that there is a lot of heterogeneity is a critical design problem.

When we look at social augmented reality, we’re really looking at stories. And stories are narratives. And narratives are how people represent and control information about ourselves, how we do that, and how we control information about people—we tell stories. And it contributes to our orientation of ourselves in the world at that time, by making it a narrative, even a small narrative, of how we understand the world. It’s how we develop our own experience and share that with others.

How do we get to social augmented reality? How do we make it social? We can create shared experiences around a story and narrative. A lot of the talks today talked about this. You can do it through sensors in an active AR environment, games with multiplayer components, projection that enables AR without a sealed headset, if you open up that headset, you can be social with people. This is an intelligent AR environment where the signup dates as the bus moves through town, the sensors trigger and updates the sign. Sorry. There you go. This is more of a could be called an augmentation, it could be a smart environment or an IoT, but people have the ability to go around the sign and talk and share with their heads up. They’re not down, they’re not fragmented. They can still be in the same locale and social.

We look at castAR, what castAR has to offer. It’s a contained environment. It has that retro-reflective mat with glasses, but the glasses are open and you can see through them. In castAR’s model, the AR is projected out, the projection is out, not on your eyes, so that you can actually experience the AR and turn your head and have a conversation with someone and then go right back to it. It’s really great how they do that. And you can also be social while you use castAR and share in that way. But the glasses are also semi-transparent so you could see who you’re talking to as you do it, or who you’re playing with, and have conversations. It’s not immersive. It’s not cut off. It’s social.

And this is a sample as to what you look like, what you’re seeing as you’re looking through those glasses. It’s a shared AR environment, multiple people can play.

An interactive public environment can also do this. It has, this particular example is a place where people can gather and interact with something. The bus sign we saw was projected one way. But in this particular case, you can actually, the people can interact and see results on their own.

My very favorite is the Magic Bus. I love the Magic Bus and I think the Magic Bus is a really great example of a shared AR story. The Magic Bus is a retrofitted school bus in San Francisco and it takes people on a tour of San Francisco. And as people ride in the Magic Bus, it plays videos and stories and music of the period that they are trying to illustrate on the way to the point. It plays the story on the pathway. As you’re going, it’s telling you something and then, when you get there, the shades go up and then you see where you’ve arrived to. The narrative is in the pathway with Magic Bus.

We want to go beyond Magic Bus. People make pathways as they move from point to point. Right now, AR’s trigger-based in terms of points. But stories go beyond that. Stories are about, well, I was going to this place and all this stuff happened. We’re suggesting, how do we create—what we’re interested in having people think about is how do you create pathway-based, multi-point AR? The goal is to get more information to form that storyline. What’s a narrative accompaniment to AR? What’s the soundtrack of AR? What are triggers that can be beyond point triggers, but more pathway triggers?

Blue Brain does site-specific sound sculptures. And what they’ve done is, in Washington, D.C. at the National Mall and also in Central Park, they’ve set up sound sculptures that, as you go to different regions in an area within the park, you hear a soundtrack when you use their app. As you move this way, you’ll hear something or that way—you hear a soundtrack. And your soundtrack is your own narrative as you move through. And people move through differently, so it’s not scripted. People have different ways to do it, but they are making up a narrative composed of these many pathways.

We’re interested in social Blue Brain. Individually, extended AR is a great experience, but it’s not really sharable. How do you give people ways to share those multi-point pathway narratives, via social media, trusted network spaces? What are ways we can change the mode of navigation triggers from these location triggers to these composite pathways?

In conclusion, in talking about designing for sociability and cooperation, we’re interested in what you can design that provides hooks for shared experience, so we don’t have that street where everyone’s involved in AR, but they’re connected to people that are really far away. That’s great, but the local locale needs people to cooperate and socialize to be able to function. Explore playing with time. What are people about to do? What have they just experienced? How does that fit into your narrative? The goal is to connect people through a shared experience and this is going to produce that shared cooperation that we need and that better understanding which we need, which is going to support society.

Even though a composite pathway may seem like it’s just filled with all kinds of people’s experience, if enough people travel that and share that, it builds a society that shares a common history. And that’s something that we’re moving away from.

I always close with this slide and it’s one of my favorites. This is from Burning Man. And this is what I hope AR can be. Look at this cooperative structure. Look at how they had to all come together to make this. It’s colorful, it’s a representation of an awful lot of cooperation. People are enjoying it. They’re having a shared experience. And they’re also, as you can see by the lights, individually participating and participating together. And, in Burning Man, people do have pathway experiences to get to events and to think about the path as well as the point I think is the message I’d like to leave you with.

Thank you.

[applause]

Moderator
We have time for a couple of questions for Sally. Are there any questions?

Question
Mentioning the social piece of augmented reality, really when we’re talking about social, you’re talking about, you mentioned the narrative a few times. I’m wondering, with some of the challenges that I face is creating that dialogue, of putting out information and receiving it back and how you would encourage that with this program.

Sally Applin
Could you clarify specifically a little bit more about…?

Question
When the individuals that I work for are putting out information, let’s say in a social media environment, it’s really to … rather than just pushing out information, and just essentially receiving unscripted information back, it’s really generating that dialogue and then watching the circles grow from there. So I’m just wondering how that might apply here, if at all.

Sally Applin
Sure, I think it’s… I think it could be similar. So we’re looking at, as you move through the physical world using AR, in particular, rather than being stationary, there are pathways that you follow to get from place to place. And as you are on that path from place to place, other people have traveled there and had experiences there and they may want to share something about that.

And it could be quite a glut if everyone just filled a pathway with everything. But you could have a pathway that’s filled way with your trusted network, their memories or shared experiences.

Okay, and then those, depending on, in a structure where people could do that—right now, media doesn’t, but where they could—those things could be shared again outside the trusted network.

Question
Thank you.

Moderator
Sally Applin, everyone.

Sally Applin
Thanks!

End of audio

Mixed, Dual, Blended, AR and PolySocial Reality

2025-10-27T20:27:15Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Papers and Talks on Mixed, Dual, Blended, Augmented Reality, and PolySocial Reality (PoSR):

Paper: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons]
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010/ Journal of Responsible Technology, Vol. 5 Date: May 2021]

Podcast: Bye, K. 2021. (Host) Voices of VR Podcast #991, “Critiquing Facebook’s Responsible Innovation Principles & Project Aria though the lens of Anthropology and Tech Ethics,” feat. Dr. S.A. Applin and Dr. Catherine Flick. 30 Apr., 2021.

Conference: [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ Augmented World Expo, Santa Clara, CA, 4-5 June, 2013]

Session: [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ai1ec_event/designing-user-experiences-for-reality/?instance_id=447 Designing Experiences for Augmented Reality]

'''Panel:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ai1ec_event/designing-user-experiences-for-reality/?instance_id=447 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Heads Up! Designing for PolySocial Reality and HMDs”]

'''Video of Talk:''' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSuHcf8PLN4 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Heads Up! Designing for PolySocial Reality and HMDs”]

Conference: [http://www.aag.org/cs/annualmeeting AAG 2013 - Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, 9-13 April, 2013]

Session: [http://meridian.aag.org/callforpapers/program/SessionDetail.cfm?SessionID=17529 3125#Geo/Code: Digital Society, AAG 2013, 11 April, 2013 - American Association of Geographers (AAG) Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, 2013.]

'''Paper:''' [http://meridian.aag.org/callforpapers/program/AbstractDetail.cfm?AbstractID=52911 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Ways to Go: Agency and Heterogeneity in Geography”]

Conference: [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2013 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Santa Monica, CA, 19-22 March, 2013]

Session: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2013, 19 March 2013 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa'13)]

'''Paper:''' [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

Conference: [http://jitso.org/jitso-2012/ First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology, Lausanne, Switzerland, December 4, 2012]

Program: JITSO 2012 will gather the most significant international researchers that try to understand social phenomena as they unfold, mining their digital traces.

'''Paper:''' Sally Applin, Michael Fischer and Kevin Walker - [https://web.archive.org/web/20140207061427/http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/“Visualising PolySocial Reality”]

Conference: [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2012/webprogram/Session7036.html The 111th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), San Francisco, CA, November 14-18, 2012]

Session: Online, Social, and Individual Spaces: Crossing Borders and Delimiting Life Frameworks

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Everybody is Talking to Each other Without Talking to Each Other: PolySocial Reality and Asynchronous Adaptation”

Conference: [http://www.auto-ui.org/12/ Automotive UI 2012 (AutoUI 2012) - 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (In cooperation with ACM SIGCHI) - Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 17-19 October 2012]

'''Workshop:''' [http://www.pervasive.jku.at/AutoUI12_SocialCar/ The "Social Car," AutoUI 2012, 17-19 October 2012 - Automotive UI 2012 Workshop on The Social Car (socially-inspired C2X interaction)]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - [http://posr.org/w/images/a/a5/Applin_Fischer_AutoUI_2012_DRAFT.pdf Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles]

Conference: Int'l Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality - [http://ismar.vgtc.org/ ISMAR2012] 
'''Paper/Poster Reviewer:''' Reviewer for ISMAR2012 Paper/Posters Arts, Media and Humanities track

Conference: [http://sociomobile.org/mobile2012/ ICA Pre-Conference Workshop: Mobile Communication, Community and Locative Media, Phoenix, AZ, May 2012]

Session: [http://sociomobile.org/mobile2012/program2.html Panel #8: Mobile Spatialities]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "PolySocial Reality and Connected Individuation in Communities"

Conference: [http://www.cyborgology.org/theorizingtheweb/index.html Theorizing the Web (TtW2012), College Park, MD, April 2012]

Session: [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/04/06/ttw2012-panel-spotlight-augmented-reality/ Augmented Reality: Intersecting Atoms and Bits]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "PolySocial Reality: Augmentation and Experience"

Blog: Cyborgology, University of Maryland, Department of Sociology

'''Article:''' April 10, 2012, [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/04/10/google-glasses-heads-up/ "Google Glasses? Heads Up!"]

Conference: [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2012.html SfAA 2012, Bays, Boundaries, and Borders, Baltimore, MD, March 31, 2012]

Session: [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2012/sfaa2012finalprogram.pdf Digital and Virtual Communities]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Blurry Borders and Blended Boundaries: PolySocial Reality and Individuated Communities”

'''Award:''' Sally A. Applin, [http://www.sfaa.net/spicer/spicerwinner2012.html Edward H. and Rosamund B. Spicer Award:] The Spicer Student Travel Fund Awards commemorate the lifelong and very special concern of Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer in furthering the maturation of students in the social sciences, both intellectually and practically, and their lifelong interest in the nature of community as both cause of, and solution to, problems in the human condition.

Conference: [http://sxsw.com SXSW, 9-13 March 2012]

Session: [http://schedule.sxsw.com/2012/events/event_IAP11546 Culture, Science and Play, March 13, 12:30-1:30, Driskill Ballroom]

'''Panel:''' [http://schedule.sxsw.com/2012/events/event_IAP11546 Sally Applin and Gene Becker - PolySocial Reality and the Enspirited World]

'''Slides:''' [[PolySocial Reality and the Enspirited World]]

Conference: [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2012 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Lisbon, Portugal, 13-16 February 2012]

Session: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2012, February 2012 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)]

'''Paper:''' [http://posr.org/w/images/8/87/Applin_Fischer_PolySocialRealityProspectsforExtendingUserExperiencesBeyondMixedDualandBlendedReality_LAMDa_2012a.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality”]

'''Scholarship:''' Sally A. Applin was recipient of one of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Travel Scholarships to the conference

Conference: [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2012 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Lisbon, Portugal, 13-16 February 2012]

Session: LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2012, February 2012 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)

'''Workshop Organizer:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/cfp.html IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) Sally Applin, Eyal Dim, Gerrit Kahl, Petteri Nurmi, Teemu Pulkkinen, Tim Schwartz]

Conference: [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2011/webprogrampreliminary/meeting.html#2011-11-17 The 110th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), Montreal, Canada, November 16-20, 2011]

Session: The Confluence of Virtual and Real: Tidemarks of Change in the Evolution of Social Life

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “The Data Tide is High and We're Holding On....to Our Mobile Phones”

Conference: [http://gracehopper.org/2011/ Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, 9-12 November, 2011]

Objectives: The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront.

'''Scholarship:''' Sally A. Applin selected from 1,100 applicants to receive one of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Scholarships to the conference

Conference: [http://intelligentenvironments.org/conferences/ie11 The 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11), Nottingham, UK, July, 2011]

Session: [http://ie11.org/download/IE11_Draft_Conf_Prog.pdf A3: User modelling and Social Perspectives - 27 July, 2011 11:00 AM-12:40 PM]

'''Paper:''' [http://anthropunk.com/Files/Applin_Fischer_PervasiveComputingInTimeAndSpace.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration”]

Conference: [http://www.truststc.org/wise/ WISE 2011 Women’s Institute in Summer Enrichment Sponsored by the Team for Research in Ubiquitous Secure Technology (T.R.U.S.T.), Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), Pittsburgh, PA, July 2011]

Objectives: To disseminate the most recent results in cyber-security and privacy; to give enough information to the participants so that they can start a course or a research activity in cyber-security and privacy; and to create a network of interested parties in the area of cyber-security and privacy.

'''Fellowship:''' Sally A. Applin selected as 1 of 20 National Science Foundation (NSF) T.R.U.S.T. Fellowship Scholars.

Conference: [http://makerfaire.com/bayarea/2011/ Maker Faire 2011 • Bay Area - San Mateo, CA, May 2011]

Session: [http://makerfaire.com/bayarea/2011/schedule/location/?mfl=171 Sunday Morning 11:30 AM]

'''Talk:''' [http://makerfaire.com/pub/e/6152 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AnthroPunk: Meta Making, Cuture Making, and the 'Making' of Making"]

'''Video of Talk:''' [http://fora.tv/2011/05/22/Sally_Applin_AnthroPunk Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AnthroPunk: Meta Making, Cuture Making, and the 'Making' of Making"]

Conference: [http://augmentedrealityevent.com/, Augmented Reality Event - ARE2011, San Jose, CA, May 2011]

Session: UI/UX for AR - Business Track (Wed, May 18th 2:30-3:00 PM, Great America J, First Floor)

'''Panel:''' [http://www.slideshare.net/SallyApplin/ar-and-social-and-sensors-oh-my-augmented-reality-event-are2011-presentation Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AR and Social and Sensors, Oh My!"]

Conference: [http://www.cyborgology.org/theorizingtheweb/index.html Theorizing the Web (TtW2011), College Park, MD, April 2011]

Session: [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2011/04/07/ttw2011-spotlight-wiki-knowledge/ Open Panel: Wiki-Knowledge - Populist Epistemologies from the Web ]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Humans and Knowledge: Making it in the Web 2.0 World”

'''Slides:''' [http://anthropunk.com/TtW2011_Applin_Fischer/TtW2011_Applin_Fischer.mov Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Humans and Knowledge: Making it in the Web 2.0 World”] (Please double click to load, arrow keys (or double click) to move back and forth.)

Conference: [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2011.html SfAA 2011, Expanding the Influence of Applied Social Science, Seattle, WA, March 30, 2011]

Session: [http://www.cyborgology.org/theorizingtheweb/program.html Exploring the Boundaries of Social Media]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Come On, Do the Geolocomotion: Anthropological Context Goes Geospatial”

Conference:[http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2011 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA | 13-16 February 2011]

Session: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/ LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2011, February 2011 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)]

'''Paper:''' [http://posr.org/w/images/f/f6/Applin_Fischer_ACulturalPerspectiveOnMixedDualAndBlendedReality_LAMDa_2011a.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality"]

'''Complete Proceedings:''' [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1943509 IUI '11 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces]

IUI 2011 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA | 13-16 February 2011

The annual meeting of the intelligent interfaces community and serves as the principal international forum for reporting outstanding research and development on intelligent user interfaces.

Workshop 7: Location-Based Services in Smart Environments (LAMDa)

The LAMDa workshop aims to discuss the impact of Dual Reality and Mixed Reality on Location Awareness and other applications in Smart Environments. Virtual environments – which are an essential part of Dual and Mixed Realities – can be used to create new applications and to enhance already existing applications in the real world. On the other hand, existing sensors in the real world can be used to enhance the virtual world as well. The Kalman-filter can be seen as an example for this type of application: Sensor measurements in the real world are brought into the virtual world in form of a model that also describes the error distribution of the sensors. The virtual world is then used to make a prediction for the next measurement in the real world and both results – the prediction and the measurement – are used to refine the virtual world and to bring more accurate sensor measurements into the real world, usually in form of User Interfaces.

The main scope of this workshop is: How can the Dual Reality paradigm be combined with location awareness to achieve improvements for location-based and socially-aware services and other applications in smart environments?

Organizers: Gerrit Kahl, Tim Schwartz, Boris Brandherm, Petteri Nurmi, Andreas Forsblom, Eyal Dim

Workshop website: http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/

OneSpace 2010 - Third International Workshop on Blending Physical and Digital Spaces on the Internet - 20.09.20

"The third edition of Onespace will continue to offer a venue for the interdisciplinary exposition, exploration and cross-fertilisation of trends in how the Internet contributes to blend and modify reality and real-life technology with a focus on spatial aspects. The scope will be open to conceptual, experimental, and technological perspectives although we envisioned, as usual, a rather applied orientation supporting more fundamental discussions. The primary notions involved will be those of (geo)spatial and temporal sensitivity in physical, digital and virtual contexts, and the blending of digital and virtual images of space and of the physical realm."

'''Paper:''' [http://onespace.kmi.open.ac.uk/2010/ Relatively Speaking: The Cultural Logic of Mobility in Space and Time - Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer]

(Our paper was accepted, but the workshop was cancelled.)

Contact Info

2025-10-27T20:27:02Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2018-2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. and MICHAEL D. FISCHER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

email: sally@ (this domain)

Bsky: [https://bsky.app/profile/anthropunk.bsky.social @anthropunk]

http://www.posr.org

Press

2025-10-27T20:25:06Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008-2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. and MICHAEL D. FISCHER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

2024 McMorrow, C. 2025. Sally A. Applin quoted in, “'Out of control': Riders open up about the dangers of delivery work.” RTÉ, Ireland. 24 May, 2025.

2022 Biba, J. 2022. Sally A.Applin quoted in,“Is Drone Delivery on the Horizon?” Drones. builtin. 30 Sept., 2022.

2022 Volkman, E. 2022. Sally A.Applin quoted in,“Cars unlikely to become more computer than transport.” Connected Vehicles. Informa. 29 Sept., 2022.

2022 BBCSounds.2022.SallyA.Applinquotedin,“Thestoriesbehindtheclotheswewear—RayBan.”Tornpodcastwith Novel Audio for BBC Radio 4. 1 Sept, 2022.

2022 VermaP.2022.SallyA.Applinquotedin,“TheMilitarywantsAItoreplacehumandecision-makinginbattle.” Innovations.The Washington Post. 29 March, 2022.

2021 Elsevier, 2021. Prying eyes and ears: the impact of Facebook’s Project Aria on people's privacy, feat. Dr. S.A.Applin and Dr. Catherine Flick.

Elsevier. Journal of Responsible Technology, Highlighted Articles, 16, Sept., 2021

2021 Butler, C. 2021.A Way Forward with Communal Computing, feat. Dr. S.A.Applin. O’Reilly Radar/Artificial Intelligence. 17 Aug., 2021

'''Podcast:''' Bye, K. 2021. (Host) Voices of VR Podcast #991, “Critiquing Facebook’s Responsible Innovation Principles & Project Aria though the lens of Anthropology and Tech Ethics,” feat. Dr. S.A. Applin and Dr. Catherine Flick. 30 Apr., 2021.

'''METRO UK - DEC 4, 2012: Instant pizza and a Facebook mirror: Welcome to the Internet of Things'''

McGuinness, Ross. (2012). [http://metro.co.uk/2012/12/04/instant-pizza-and-a-facebook-mirror-welcome-to-the-internet-of-things-3301087/ "Instant pizza and a Facebook mirror: Welcome to the Internet of Things."] Metro, UK. 4 Dec, 2012.

'''QUOTE:''' "Sally Applin, from the University of Kent, is another member of the IoT Council and is researching the impact of technology on culture.

‘The IoT enables the environment to have a conversation with us – and vice versa,’ she said.

‘The IoT is the idea that things in the world – your lamp, your desk, your shoes, the roads, your teapot, your body – have sensors on them that relay temperature, motion, altitude, vibration, moisture, orientation and information to a text, email address, website or other messaging method, via the internet. ‘I look at the IoT as an added layer to the internet. The Internet has greatly changed our way of life in many ways.’

She said London’s iBus system, which uses GPS and sensors to tell commuters when to get off at their stop, is a good example of the Internet of Things in practice. She also pointed out that, by 2020, it is estimated there will be 6.7 internet connected devices per person on the planet. Ms Applin said: ‘The territory does get fuzzy with regard to privacy and certainly we don’t want the IoT to replace humans, just complement them and enable them to do more of the things that they want to do and less of the things that they don’t."

‘If the environment can become smarter, then we can have a different relationship with how we interact in the world and with each other.’"

'''WIRED Blog, "Beyond the Beyond" by Bruce Sterling, June 28, 2012
'''
[http://www.wired.com/2012/06/extended-senses-invisible-fences/ Extended Senses and Invisible Fences]

'''The COIL Radio, August 11, 2013''' [http://www.buzzsprout.com/15665/108301-episode-5-recorded-4fred-expsd-mp3 Engineering the Collaborative Human] Sally Applin PolySocial Reality Interview

'''WIRED Blog, "Beyond the Beyond" by Bruce Sterling, March 22, 2013
'''
[http://www.wired.com/beyond_the_beyond/2013/03/thing-theory-connecting-humans-to-location-aware-smart-environments/ Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments]

/*This pdf is pretty interesting, despite the fact that, critically speaking, I violently disagree with the deployment of the terms “aware” and “smart.”

/*Also, it’s got “PolySocial Reality” in it, which is kinda like actual reality despite the fact that it’s polysocial.

http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf

http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html

'''WIRED Blog, "Beyond the Beyond" by Bruce Sterling, May 23, 2011
'''
http://www.wired.com/beyond_the_beyond/2011/05/polysocial-reality-posr/

PolySocial Reality (PoSR)

/*When Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality and Virtual Reality are insufficiently confusing.

http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/accepted/ACulturalPerspective.pdf

http://intelligentenvironments.org/conferences/ie11

'''Council for the Internet of Things'''

Council Interview with Sally Applin, October 28, 2011

http://www.theinternetofthings.eu/content/council-interview-sally-applin

'''Corriere Della Sera: Il club de La Lettura Siamo uomini o gadget? Iperconnessi, computerizzati, rintracciabili: diventeremo cyborg''' by Fabio Chiusi, May 2012

Se tra gli studiosi, infatti, alcune idee — dal rifiuto del «dualismo digitale» che vorrebbe online e offline del tutto separati, all’avvento di quel loro particolare miscuglio che la ricercatrice Sally Applin chiama «realtà PoliSociale» — si stanno faticosamente affermando, una teoria strutturata ancora manca.

http://lettura.corriere.it/siamo-uomini-o-gadget/

Press

2025-10-26T08:52:54Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008-2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. and MICHAEL D. FISCHER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

2022 Biba, J. 2022. Sally A.Applin quoted in,“Is Drone Delivery on the Horizon?” Drones. builtin. 30 Sept., 2022.

2022 Volkman, E. 2022. Sally A.Applin quoted in,“Cars unlikely to become more computer than transport.” Connected Vehicles. Informa. 29 Sept., 2022.

2022 BBCSounds.2022.SallyA.Applinquotedin,“Thestoriesbehindtheclotheswewear—RayBan.”Tornpodcastwith Novel Audio for BBC Radio 4. 1 Sept, 2022.

2022 VermaP.2022.SallyA.Applinquotedin,“TheMilitarywantsAItoreplacehumandecision-makinginbattle.” Innovations.The Washington Post. 29 March, 2022.

2021 Elsevier, 2021. Prying eyes and ears: the impact of Facebook’s Project Aria on people's privacy, feat. Dr. S.A.Applin and Dr. Catherine Flick.

Elsevier. Journal of Responsible Technology, Highlighted Articles, 16, Sept., 2021

2021 Butler, C. 2021.A Way Forward with Communal Computing, feat. Dr. S.A.Applin. O’Reilly Radar/Artificial Intelligence. 17 Aug., 2021

'''Podcast:''' Bye, K. 2021. (Host) Voices of VR Podcast #991, “Critiquing Facebook’s Responsible Innovation Principles & Project Aria though the lens of Anthropology and Tech Ethics,” feat. Dr. S.A. Applin and Dr. Catherine Flick. 30 Apr., 2021.

'''METRO UK - DEC 4, 2012: Instant pizza and a Facebook mirror: Welcome to the Internet of Things'''

McGuinness, Ross. (2012). [http://metro.co.uk/2012/12/04/instant-pizza-and-a-facebook-mirror-welcome-to-the-internet-of-things-3301087/ "Instant pizza and a Facebook mirror: Welcome to the Internet of Things."] Metro, UK. 4 Dec, 2012.

'''QUOTE:''' "Sally Applin, from the University of Kent, is another member of the IoT Council and is researching the impact of technology on culture.

‘The IoT enables the environment to have a conversation with us – and vice versa,’ she said.

‘The IoT is the idea that things in the world – your lamp, your desk, your shoes, the roads, your teapot, your body – have sensors on them that relay temperature, motion, altitude, vibration, moisture, orientation and information to a text, email address, website or other messaging method, via the internet. ‘I look at the IoT as an added layer to the internet. The Internet has greatly changed our way of life in many ways.’

She said London’s iBus system, which uses GPS and sensors to tell commuters when to get off at their stop, is a good example of the Internet of Things in practice. She also pointed out that, by 2020, it is estimated there will be 6.7 internet connected devices per person on the planet. Ms Applin said: ‘The territory does get fuzzy with regard to privacy and certainly we don’t want the IoT to replace humans, just complement them and enable them to do more of the things that they want to do and less of the things that they don’t."

‘If the environment can become smarter, then we can have a different relationship with how we interact in the world and with each other.’"

'''WIRED Blog, "Beyond the Beyond" by Bruce Sterling, June 28, 2012
'''
[http://www.wired.com/2012/06/extended-senses-invisible-fences/ Extended Senses and Invisible Fences]

'''The COIL Radio, August 11, 2013''' [http://www.buzzsprout.com/15665/108301-episode-5-recorded-4fred-expsd-mp3 Engineering the Collaborative Human] Sally Applin PolySocial Reality Interview

'''WIRED Blog, "Beyond the Beyond" by Bruce Sterling, March 22, 2013
'''
[http://www.wired.com/beyond_the_beyond/2013/03/thing-theory-connecting-humans-to-location-aware-smart-environments/ Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments]

/*This pdf is pretty interesting, despite the fact that, critically speaking, I violently disagree with the deployment of the terms “aware” and “smart.”

/*Also, it’s got “PolySocial Reality” in it, which is kinda like actual reality despite the fact that it’s polysocial.

http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf

http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html

'''WIRED Blog, "Beyond the Beyond" by Bruce Sterling, May 23, 2011
'''
http://www.wired.com/beyond_the_beyond/2011/05/polysocial-reality-posr/

PolySocial Reality (PoSR)

/*When Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality and Virtual Reality are insufficiently confusing.

http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/accepted/ACulturalPerspective.pdf

http://intelligentenvironments.org/conferences/ie11

'''Council for the Internet of Things'''

Council Interview with Sally Applin, October 28, 2011

http://www.theinternetofthings.eu/content/council-interview-sally-applin

'''Corriere Della Sera: Il club de La Lettura Siamo uomini o gadget? Iperconnessi, computerizzati, rintracciabili: diventeremo cyborg''' by Fabio Chiusi, May 2012

Se tra gli studiosi, infatti, alcune idee — dal rifiuto del «dualismo digitale» che vorrebbe online e offline del tutto separati, all’avvento di quel loro particolare miscuglio che la ricercatrice Sally Applin chiama «realtà PoliSociale» — si stanno faticosamente affermando, una teoria strutturata ancora manca.

http://lettura.corriere.it/siamo-uomini-o-gadget/

Interviews

2025-10-26T08:52:10Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008-2025 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Interview: June 2015 [http://www.rethinkrobotics.com/meet-sally-applin-humans-and-robots/ Rethink Robotics Blog: meet phd candidate sally applin]

The COIL Radio, [http://www.buzzsprout.com/15665/108301-episode-5-recorded-4fred-expsd-mp3 Engineering the Collaborative Human] Sally Applin Interview, August 11, 2013

Augmented World Expo (AWE 2013)- [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTCT-fI5XFA Awe.tv Interview with Sally Applin, Ph.D. Candidate and University of Kent, Canterbury] June 5, 2013

Internet of Things (IoT) Council: [http://www.theinternetofthings.eu/content/council-interview-sally-applin Council Interview with Sally Applin] October 28, 2011

O'Reilly Strata 2011 - Making Data Work, Feb 1-11, Santa Clara, CA

[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4E7G1rZgDnM Radar Interview: Sally Applin on Anthropology, Data and Anthropunk]

Interviewed in The Digital Designer: The Graphic Artist’s Guide to the New Media, Watson-Guptill Publications, 1997.

Interviewed in Demystifying Multimedia, Apple Computer, Vivid Press, 1993

Interviews

2025-10-26T08:52:01Z

Sally:

Videos

2025-10-26T08:51:32Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008-2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. and MICHAEL D. FISCHER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Social and Collaboration Session Keynote: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-D8rZYTELn0 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - Social Augmented Reality: What it is. How to get it. Towards a Multiuser Social AR Experience.] Augmented World Expo, Santa Clara, CA, 8-10 June, 2015

[http://fora.tv/2011/05/22/Sally_Applin_AnthroPunk Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AnthroPunk: Meta Making, Cuture Making, and the 'Making' of Making"]

O'Reilly Strata 2011 - February 2011 [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4E7G1rZgDnM Radar Interview: Sally Applin on Anthropology, Data and Anthropunk]

Cyborg Camp - October 2010 [http://anthropunk.com/Files/CyborgCamp2010SallyApplin519f.mp4 Sally Applin "Hidden Cyborgs"]

Scholarships/Awards

2025-10-26T08:50:59Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''National Science Foundation (NSF) Travel Scholarship''' 
Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC 2015), Houston, TX, Oct. 2015

'''TASER International. $1000 Travel Scholarship.''' (1 of 5 award winning essays). Grace Hopper Women in Computing (GHC 2015) Houston, TX, Oct. 2015

'''IEEE Communications Society 4 day Summer School''' at the Dept. of Information Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Trento, Italy 6-9 July, 2015. Sally Applin one of 30 attendees selected. Scholarship includes tuition, room and board for duration of program. (Unable to attend due to scheduling conflict)

'''ACM/IEEE Travel Scholarship'''
10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2015). Workshop: The Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human-Robot Interaction. Panel 3: Autonomy and Human-Robot Collaboration Challenges. Portland, OR, March 2, 2015.

'''National Science Foundation (NSF) CRA-W/CDC Travel Scholarship''' 
The GREPSEC Workshop - p {CompSec} /G, San Francisco, CA, May 2013 
Workshop to attract beginning researchers in computer security and trustworthiness and show them the wide spectrum of new problems that are evolving and will need attention in the future.

'''ICA Travel Grant Award '''
International Communications Association (ICA, Phoenix, AZ, May 2012

'''Recipient Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Award '''
Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA), Baltimore, MD, March 2012 
"The Spicer Student Travel Fund Awards commemorate the lifelong and very special concern of Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer in furthering the maturation of students in the social sciences, both intellectually and practically, and their lifelong interest in the nature of community as both cause of, and solution to, problems in the human condition."

'''National Science Foundation (NSF) Travel Scholarship '''
International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2012), Lisbon, Portugal, February 2012

'''National Science Foundation (NSF) Travel Scholarship '''
Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC 2011), Portland, OR, Nov. 2011
(Unable to attend due to illness.)

'''National Science Foundation (NSF) Fellowship '''
T.R.U.S.T. WISE Symposium on Research in Ubiquitous Secure Technology 
2013, San Jose, CA, SJSC Selected, Unable to attend due to scheduling conflict 
2012, Berkeley, CA, UC Berkeley 
2011, Pittsburgh, PA, CMU 

'''Winner “Best Social App,” for the “UnBored Game” '''
First iPadDevCamp (now iOS Dev Camp), San Jose, CA April 2010

'''Finalist, First Annual International Student Interface Design Competition:''' “Wearables and Portables"
Apple Computer Inc. 1992

'''NYU/ITP “Excellence in Design Aesthetics” Departmental Award '''
New York University, Graduate Department of Interactive Telecommunications (NYU ITP) 
June 1992

'''NYU/ITP Graduate Assistant (GA) Scholarship '''
New York University, Graduate Department of Interactive Telecommunications (NYU ITP) 
80% tuition remission + stipend for duration of degree program.

Publications List

2025-10-26T08:49:52Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN AND where indicated, MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Publications, Talks, Paid Commercial Articles, etc.'''

'''Peer Reviewed Written Publications'''

Applin, S.A., Flick, C. 2021. Facebook’s Project Aria Indicates Problems for Responsible Innovation when Broadly Deploying AR and other Pervasive Technology in the Commons. Journal of Responsible Ethics. April, 2021.

Pavliscak, F., Aledhari, M., Aneja, N., Mandal, S., Villume, G., Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D., Kelly, C., Koene, A., Stender, M., Aiyer, R., Carter, K., Cristache, L., Hriynak, C., Richardson, D., Parsons, N. (Forthcoming). Considerations for Algorithmic Decision Making. IEEE Internet Initiative.

Applin, S.A. 2018. They Sow, They Reap: How Humans are Becoming Algorithm Chow. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 8 Feb. 2018, pp. 101–106.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2016. Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines. The 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Social Machines: Observing social machines on the Web. 25th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2016). Montreal, Canada, 11 April, 2016.

Applin, S.A. , Fischer, M.D. 2016. Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace. Workshop WP-28: Algorithms at Work: Empirical Diversity, Analytic Vocabularies, Design Implications. The19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). San Francisco, Ca, 27 Feb–2 March, 2016.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. New Technologies and Mixed-use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other. IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS). Dublin, IE. 11 Nov., 2015.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D., Riener, A. 2015. Extending Driver–Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Commons.  IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Oct. 2015.

Applin, S.A. 2015. Ich liebe Dich UBER alles in der Welt (I love you more than anything else in the world).  IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, June 2015, pp. 13–15.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Towards a Multi-User Social Augmented Reality Experience. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, April 2015, pp. 100–106.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the  Social Car. (Expanded Auto UI 2012 workshop paper). IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, spring 2015, March 2015, pp. 65–72.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Cooperation Between Humans & Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes.  10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2015). Workshop: The Emerging  Policy and Ethics of Human-Robot Interaction. Portland, OR, 2 March, 2015.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions. IEEE Technology  and Society Magazine, 32(4), winter 2013, 6 Dec., 2013, pp. 35–44.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)  in Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 2013) Paper Track:  Sousveillance | Surveillance. Toronto, Canada, 29 June, 2013.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location Aware Smart Environments. Workshop  on Location-Based Services in Smart Environments (LAMDa’13) in Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on  Intelligent User Interfaces (Santa Monica, CA,) IUI ’13. ACM, New York, NY. 19 March, 2013.

Applin, S., Fischer, M., Walker, K. 2012. Visualizing PolySocial Reality. JITSO 2012, First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology. Lausanne, CH, 3 Dec., 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles.  In proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (Automotive UI ’12). Workshop: The Social Car. In cooperation with ACM SIGCHI. Portsmouth, NH,  17–19 Oct., 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. PolySocial Reality: a Conceptual Model for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality. In Workshop on Location-Based Services in Smart Environments (LAMDa’12) in Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (Lisbon, Portugal,14–17 Feb., 2012) IUI ’12. ACM, New York, NY, pp. 393–396.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of ‘Place’ Integration. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE) (Nottingham, UK, 25–28 July, 2011) IE’11. Washington, DC, pp. 285–293.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality. In Workshop on Location-Based Services in Smart Environments (LAMDa’11) in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI’11), Palo Alto, CA, 13–16 Feb., 2011. ACM, New York, NY, 477–478.

Apple Computer, Inc.1(Gavin Miller, Eric Hoffert, Shenchang Eric, Elizabeth Patterson, Dean Blackketter, Steve Rubin), New York University, (Sally Ann Applin), MIT3 (Derrick Yim), University of Regina4 (Jim Hanan). 1992. The Virtual Museum: Interactive 3D Navigation of a Multimedia Database. Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation.  Volume 3, Issue 3, July/Sept. 1992, pp.183–197.

'''Book Chapters'''

Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A., and Ravula, R. 2025. External Intelligence: Oracles, Divination and Animism, and the Use of LLMs/Generative AI. In Studies in [https://bookstore.emerald.com/symbolic-interaction-and-ai-hb-9781837086931.html Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 61, Symbolic Interaction and AI (S. Chen, Ed.)]. Emerald Publishing, Leeds, UK. 1 Nov., 2025

Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A. Forthcoming. Anthropology of Artificial Intelligence: Agency, Powerful Knowledge and the Algorithmic Other. In Handbook on Anthropology and Artificial Intelligence. Udupa, S., Baas, M., and Hervik, P. (Eds). (Forthcoming).

Applin, S. A. 2019. Cultures and Context in the Technology Industry: A Dynamic System. In Cracking the Digital Ceiling. Frieze, C. and Quesenberry, J. (Eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2016. Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Smart Healthcare. In Handbook of Research on the Internet of Things and Advanced Applications in Healthcare. Reis, C. and Maximiana, M. (Eds.). IGI Global, Hershey, PA, 2016.

Applin,S.A.2016. Deliveries by Drone: Obstacles and Sociability. In The Future of Drone Use: Technologies, Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives. Bart Custers (Ed.), pp. 71–91. Springer T.M.C. Asser Press, IT and Law Series. The Hague, 2016.

Applin, S.A. 2002. Team Roles in the Design Process: Living with and Creating Legacies that Benefit Design. In Creating Breakthrough Ideas: The Collaboration of Anthropologists and Designers in the Product Development Industry, Susan Squires and Bryan Byrne (Eds.). Bergin & Garvey, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 2002.

'''Peer-Reviewed Academic Oral Papers'''

Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A. 2025. Dynamics of Built and Unbuilt Infrastructure through Cultural Extensions. Beyond Infrastructure? (Un-)built Environments in the Anthropocene. InfraNorth International Conference, University of Vienna. Vienna, Austria. 22-24 Sept., 2025.

Applin, S.A. 2022. “Banksy and Walt Disney: Admiration and Inspiration, or Appropriation?” Disney Studies - Special Topic, 2022. Popular Culture Association 2022 Annual (Virtual) Conference (PCA/ACA 2022). 14 April, 2022.

Applin, S. A. 2019. “Attention Shortcut: Mechanisms For Adapting To Prosumption and Forced Compliance.” Annual Meeting of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S 2019) New Orleans, LA, 4–7 Sept. 2019. (Accepted but unable to attend)

Applin, S.A. 2019. “Adaptive Ethical Systems for AI, Automation, and Agents: Social and Cultural Requirements.” Implementing Machine Ethics Workshop. Machine Ethics Research Group, School of Computer Science, University College Dublin. July 2019.

Applin, S. 2017. ‘Realists’ of a Larger Reality: Anthropological Intersections with Science Fiction. American Anthropological Association Roundtable. American Anthropological Association 116th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., Dec. 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2014. Achieving Successful Outcomes from Science Fiction Inspired Technologies. Strangers in Strange Lands: Mapping the Relationship between Anthropology and Science Fiction, University of Kent, Canterbury,  School of Anthropology and Conservation, Canterbury, Kent, UK, 15–16 Nov., 2014.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2014. Forced Compliance: How the City Shapes the Network that Shapes the City. Global cities: digital urbanization in the 21st century (Commission on Urban Anthropology)(P121). International Unison of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES) with The Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology (JASCA),  Chiba City Tokyo,15–18 May, 2014.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Ways to Go: Agency and Heterogeneity in Geography. Session: 3125 Geo/Code: Digital Society. Association of American Geographers (AAG) Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, 11 April, 2013.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. Everybody is Talking to Each Other without Talking to Each Other: PolySocial Reality  and Asynchronous Adaptation. Session: Online, Social, and Individual Spaces: Crossing Borders and Delimiting Life Frameworks. American Anthropological Association (AAA) Conference, San Francisco, CA. Nov. 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. PolySocial Reality and Connected Individuation in Communities. Mobile  Communication, Community, and Locative Media, International Communication Association (ICA) Pre-conference Workshop, Phoenix, AZ, 23–24 May, 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer. M.D. 2012) PolySocial Reality: Augmentation and Experience. Theorizing the Web Conference (TtW2012), College Park, MD, April 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012 Blurry Borders and Blended Boundaries: PolySocial Reality in Digitally Individuated Communities. Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA), Digital and Virtual Communities. Bays, Boundaries, and Borders, Baltimore, MD, 27–31 March, 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer. M.D. 2011) Humans and Knowledge: Making it in the Web 2.0 World. Theorizing the Web Conference (TtW 2011), College Park, MD, April 2011.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. Come On, Do the Geolocomotion: Anthropological Context Goes Geospatial. Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA), Expanding the Influence of Applied Social Science, Seattle, WA, April 2011.

Fischer, M., Applin, S.A. 2010. Articulating Cultural Symbols: Virtual, Augmented and Other Realities. Session: Virtuality, Simulation and Social Life. American Anthropological Association (AAA) Conference, New Orleans, LA, Nov. 2010.
Applin, S.A. 1999. Historical Perspective on the Design of Virtual Museums: Virtual Museum Design. College Art Association (CAA) Annual Conference, Long Beach, CA, Feb. 1999.

'''Academic Book Reviews'''

Applin, Sally A. 2019. ”Review of: De la Cadena, Marisol and Blaser, Mario (Eds.). A World Of Many Worlds. Durham and London, Duke University Press, 2018. Journal of International & Global Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 129-131, 2019.

'''Editorial Reviewed Academic Publications'''

Applin, S.A. 2021. Amazon Sidewalk Needs our Trust for its Security. Allegra Lab (One Shots). 16 July, 2021.

Applin, S.A. 2020. The Chaos of Asynchronous Grief. Allegra Lab (Thematic Threads, Corona). 15 May, 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Our Present as the Past’s Fictitious Future. In Speculative Anthropologies, Theorizing the Contemporary. (Anderson et al. Eds). Cultural Anthropology. 18 Dec. 2018.

'''Policy • Written Contributions'''

Applin, S.A. 2017. Dr. Sally Applin, Written Evidence (AIC0172). Written evidence volume: AI in the UK: ready, willing, and able? Parliamentary Business. House of Lords, Artificial Intelligence Committee. Appendix 2: List of Witnesses. 6 Sept, 2017.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Written Evidence #00007. FTC Seeks Input on Privacy and Security Implications of the Internet of Things; Federal Trade Commission Project No. P135405; FTC Commission Staff Workshop, Washington, DC. 21, Nov. 2013.

'''Other Talks and Panel Participation'''

Applin, S.A. 2020. Invited Guest, ‘Aftermath: Virtually Maker Faire Wrap.” Virtual Maker Faire, Zoom. 23 May, 2020.

Applin, S. 2017. Invited panelist, ‘A Doctor, Computer Scientist, Start-up Guy & Anthropologist, walk into a Bar.' Augmented World Expo (AWE 2017), San Jose, CA, June 2017.

Applin, S. 2016. Invited panelist, ‘Computer Says No: justice, accountability and clarity in the age of algorithms.'  Nesta. London, UK, Feb. 2016.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Thing Theory: Making Sense of IoT Complexity. O’Reilly Solid – Hardware,  Software & the Internet of Things. San Francisco, CA, June 25–26, 2015.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Social AR: Why we need it. How to get it. Augmented World Expo (AWE 2015),  San Jose, CA. June 9, 2015.

Applin, S.A., Panelist. Ethernet Technology Summit. Ethernet and the Internet of Things Seminar, Session IOT–15:  Future of Ethernet and the Internet of Things. San Jose, CA, 14 April, 2015.

Applin, S.A. Becker, G. 2012 PolySocial Reality and the Enspirited World. Culture, Science and Play, SXSW Interactive Austin, Texas, 13 March, 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. AR and Social and Sensors, Oh My! Augmented Reality Event (ARE2011),  San Jose, CA, 18 May, 2011.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. AnthroPunk: MetaMaking, Culture Making and the ‘Making’ of Making. Maker Faire 2011, San Mateo, CA, May 2011.

Applin, S. 2001. Telecommuting. Pick up the Thread of Sustainability: Wires + Tires. 2011 Metropolis West Conference. San Francisco, CA, Feb. 2001.

'''Poster'''

Applin, S.A. 2010. Poster: Alternative Future: Steampowered Privacy. TRUST session, CFP2010, Computers, Freedom and Privacy in a Networked Society (ACM Computers, Freedom and Privacy), San Jose, CA, June 2010.

'''Paid Commercial Articles'''

Applin, S.A. 2025. LLMs are the users now. Fast Company (POV). 8 Sept., 2025.

Applin, S.A. 2025. AI researchers want to map the 3D world. That means going vertical—and possibly nuclear. Fast Company (POV). 1 April, 2025.

Applin, S.A. 2024. Digital labels are coming to retailers. That’s a loss for consumers. Fast Company (POV). 6 Sept., 2024.

Applin, S.A. 2024. CrowdStrike showed us the risks of over-automation. Will we heed the warning? Fast Company  (POV). 2 Aug., 2024.

Applin, S.A. 2024. How fast food is becoming a new surveillance ground. Fast Company (Tech). 8 April, 2024.

Applin, S.A. 2024. How low-level automation can help air traffic controllers. Fast Company (POV). 19 Jan., 2024.

Applin, S.A. 2023. Over-automation is breaking the web. And AI won’t fix it. Fast Company (POV). 1 Nov., 2023.

Applin, S.A. 2023.The OceanGate Titan’s disappearance highlights the dangers of the startup ethos at sea. Fast Company (POV). 21 June, 2023.

Applin, S.A. 2023. Our cities are becoming increasingly automated—and we’re not equipped for the change. Fast Company (Premium). 21 June, 2023.

Applin, S.A. 2023. Maybe integrating mobile robots into everyday life isn't a good idea. Fast Company. 17 Feb., 2023.

Applin, S.A. 2022. “Hello, Elon, Goodbye, the Twitter we once knew.” Fast Company. 27 Oct., 2022.

Applin, S.A. 2022. “Who let the robot dogs out?” Fast Company. 15 Sept., 2022.

Applin, S.A. 2022. "Google is working on language-to-text AR glasses. It's a complicated idea." Fast Company. 18 May, 2022.

Applin, S.A. 2022. “Nobody really knows how we're going to shop in the metaverse.” Fast Company. 5 March, 2022.

Applin, S.A. 2021. Why Facebook is using Ray-Ban to stake a claim on our faces: To build the metaverse, Facebook needs us to get used to smart glasses. MIT Technology Review. 15 Sept., 2021.

Applin, S.A. 2021. With ‘Sidewalk,’ Amazon is building its own private neighborhood networks. Fast Company.
31 March, 2021.

Applin, S.A. 2021. MAGA is a superbrand. Cutting off Trump's social media isn't enough. Fast Company. 14 Jan. 2021.
Applin, S.A. 2020. These Virtual Stores are a joyful twist on e-commerce. Fast Company. 18 Dec. 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2020. Policing’s problems won’t be fixed by tech that aids—or replaces—humans. Fast Company.
20 July, 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2020. The Pandemic is Changing How Human Beings Think About Status. Fast Company. 15 May, 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2020. Maker culture’s DIY spirit is helping us get through this pandemic. Fast Company (Coronovirus).
 15 April, 2020.

Applin, S. A. 2019. Everyone’s talking about ethics in AI. Here’s what they’re missing. The rush toward ethical AI is leaving many of us behind. Fast Company (POV). 15 June, 2019.

Applin, S. A. 2019. How growing cities are making it hard for Makers. As garages and similar spaces grow less accessible in places like Silicon Valley, we can’t make things where we used to. Fast Company (POV). 17 May, 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2019. The creeping threat of facial recognition. Do those championing new surveillance technology not realize that they too will be affected by it? Fast Company (POV). 7 May, 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2019. How much are we sacrificing for automation? Lessons from an Amazon warehouse, and a world where increasingly anything (and anyone) that can be measured, is. Fast Company (POV). 21 Apr., 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Science Fiction Is Not Social Reality. Motherboard/VICE Media. 20 July, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. With Echo in Hotel Rooms, Amazon Can Now Track Your Travel Habits. Motherboard/VICE Media. 21 June, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Amazon Wants You to Shop at Amazon as Long as You Follow the Rules It Doesn’t Tell You About.
Motherboard/VICE Media. 29 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Tech Billionaires Are Building Their Utopias Without Asking Us. Motherboard/VICE Media. 21 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Google is Saving Its Own Time, Not Yours. Motherboard/VICE Media. 15 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Google Duplex Puts AI Into a Social Uncanny Valley. Motherboard/VICE Media. 9 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Delivery Robots will Rely on Human Kindness and Labor. Motherboard/VICE Media. 8 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Disrupting the Commons: Dockless Bikes and Scooters Create Layers of Community Instability. Motherboard/VICE Media. 26 April, 2018.

'''Other Writing/Contributions'''

Applin, Sally A. 2020. Live from Everyone’s House: It’s Saturday Night! Medium. 18 April, 2020.

Applin, Sally A. 2019. The Artificial Gaze (and Gait Interpretation) of Algorithms. Medium. 3 June, 2019.

Applin, Sally A. 2019. General Magic Movie: Tales from the Silicon Valley Vault. Medium. 1 March, 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Shifting Responsibility to The Commons: New Apple Watch Feature Summons Emergency Services If You Fall and Stay Down for Over A Minute. Medium. 13 Sept., 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. A Plan for Developing Global AI Policy. Medium. 16 August, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. A Flying Car Buzzing You to Work? It’s a Long Road, er, Long Blue Sky Ahead, for Blackfly. Medium. 17 July, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Amazon Echo Takes its Name Literally. Medium. 25 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Silicon Valley’s Naiveté: The YouTube Shooter, Culture, and Automation. Medium. 5 April, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2017. The Automation and Privatization of Community Knowledge. Savage Minds. 1 Oct., 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Paying with our Faces: Apple's FaceID. Savage Minds. 23 Sept., 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Artificial Intelligence: Making AI in our Images. Savage Minds. 7 Sept., 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: Stock or Custom? IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. July 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Social Aspects of Standards Committees. Medium.18 Oct., 2017.

Applin, S. 2017. They Sow, They Reap: How Humans are Becoming Algorithm Chow. Medium, 13 May, 2017

Applin, S. 2017. Amazon's Echo Look: We're Going a Long Way Back, Baby: Harnessing the Power of Machine Learning for Dynamic Narcissism and Exploration of Human Vulnerability. Medium. 27 April, 2017.

Applin, S. 2017. When Automation Makes Passengers Freight: United Airlines and Seat Assignments. Medium. 10 April, 2017.
Yoshida, W., Applin, S.A. 2017. Ham Stakes: Repurposing Consumer Electronics for Amateur Radio. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. April 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. The Automation of Qualitative Methods. EPIC. 18 Jan., 2017.

Applin, S. A. 2016. Amazon Go and the Erosion of Supermarket Sociability. Savage Minds. Invited post. 13 Dec., 2016.

Applin, S. 2016. Warehousing Burning Man: Ghostship and the Issues of Nested Culture and Bad Algorithms. Medium.  8 Dec., 2016.

Applin, S. 2016. Spirits in the Sky: Exploring Jet Packs. Bronislaw Magazine, Issue 1. 18 March, 2016.

Applin, S. 2015. Technology and Change: Open Letter to Sherry Turkle. IEEE Society and Technology Magazine.  4 Dec., 2015.

Applin, S., Fischer, M. 2015. The social car: Simplifying autonomous action with Thing Theory. Robohub.10 June, 2015.

Applin, S. 2015. Could Communication Overload Result in Police Mistakes? EPIC. 11 Feb., 2015.

Applin, S.A. 2013. The Emperor’s New Robotic Self? PoSR.org. 19 Dec., 2013.

Applin, S.A. 2013. Managing Multiple Multiplexed PolySocial Drones: The Amazon Drone Dream. PoSR.org.  2 Dec., 2013.

Applin, S. 2012. Cardboard Prophet: Hacking the 3D Experience at Caine’s Arcade. The Society Pages. Cyborgology.
 20 May, 2012.

Applin, S. 2012. Google Glasses? Head’s Up! The Society Pages. Cyborgology. 10 April, 2012.

Applin, S. 2012. Connected cAR: Becoming the Cyborg Chauffeur. The Society Pages. Cyborgology. 10 April, 2012.

Applin, S. Steampunk, Open Source and Privacy. In Steampunk kurz & geek. Jahnke, A., Rauchfuß, M. Eds., pp. 79–80. O’Reilly Vlg. GmbH & Company, 2012.

''' Coursework '''
Applin, Sally A. 1991. [https://sally.com/w/images/a/a1/20110612200900%21Museum_of_the_Future.pdf The Museum of the Future.] A part of coursework for NYU/ITP. Date accessed: 9 Sept., 2021.

'''Blogs:'''
https://medium.com/@AnthroPunk

http://trends.wordpress.com/

Publications List

2025-10-26T08:46:57Z

Sally:

Publications List

2025-10-26T08:46:36Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN AND where indicated, MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Publications, Talks, Paid Commercial Articles, etc.'''

'''Peer Reviewed Written Publications'''

Applin, S.A., Flick, C. 2021. Facebook’s Project Aria Indicates Problems for Responsible Innovation when Broadly Deploying AR and other Pervasive Technology in the Commons. Journal of Responsible Ethics. April, 2021.

Pavliscak, F., Aledhari, M., Aneja, N., Mandal, S., Villume, G., Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D., Kelly, C., Koene, A., Stender, M., Aiyer, R., Carter, K., Cristache, L., Hriynak, C., Richardson, D., Parsons, N. (Forthcoming). Considerations for Algorithmic Decision Making. IEEE Internet Initiative.

Applin, S.A. 2018. They Sow, They Reap: How Humans are Becoming Algorithm Chow. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 8 Feb. 2018, pp. 101–106.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2016. Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines. The 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Social Machines: Observing social machines on the Web. 25th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2016). Montreal, Canada, 11 April, 2016.

Applin, S.A. , Fischer, M.D. 2016. Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace. Workshop WP-28: Algorithms at Work: Empirical Diversity, Analytic Vocabularies, Design Implications. The19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). San Francisco, Ca, 27 Feb–2 March, 2016.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. New Technologies and Mixed-use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other. IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS). Dublin, IE. 11 Nov., 2015.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D., Riener, A. 2015. Extending Driver–Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Commons.  IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Oct. 2015.

Applin, S.A. 2015. Ich liebe Dich UBER alles in der Welt (I love you more than anything else in the world).  IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, June 2015, pp. 13–15.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Towards a Multi-User Social Augmented Reality Experience. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, April 2015, pp. 100–106.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the  Social Car. (Expanded Auto UI 2012 workshop paper). IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, spring 2015, March 2015, pp. 65–72.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Cooperation Between Humans & Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes.  10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2015). Workshop: The Emerging  Policy and Ethics of Human-Robot Interaction. Portland, OR, 2 March, 2015.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions. IEEE Technology  and Society Magazine, 32(4), winter 2013, 6 Dec., 2013, pp. 35–44.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)  in Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 2013) Paper Track:  Sousveillance | Surveillance. Toronto, Canada, 29 June, 2013.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location Aware Smart Environments. Workshop  on Location-Based Services in Smart Environments (LAMDa’13) in Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on  Intelligent User Interfaces (Santa Monica, CA,) IUI ’13. ACM, New York, NY. 19 March, 2013.

Applin, S., Fischer, M., Walker, K. 2012. Visualizing PolySocial Reality. JITSO 2012, First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology. Lausanne, CH, 3 Dec., 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles.  In proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (Automotive UI ’12). Workshop: The Social Car. In cooperation with ACM SIGCHI. Portsmouth, NH,  17–19 Oct., 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. PolySocial Reality: a Conceptual Model for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality. In Workshop on Location-Based Services in Smart Environments (LAMDa’12) in Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (Lisbon, Portugal,14–17 Feb., 2012) IUI ’12. ACM, New York, NY, pp. 393–396.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of ‘Place’ Integration. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE) (Nottingham, UK, 25–28 July, 2011) IE’11. Washington, DC, pp. 285–293.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality. In Workshop on Location-Based Services in Smart Environments (LAMDa’11) in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI’11), Palo Alto, CA, 13–16 Feb., 2011. ACM, New York, NY, 477–478.

Apple Computer, Inc.1(Gavin Miller, Eric Hoffert, Shenchang Eric, Elizabeth Patterson, Dean Blackketter, Steve Rubin), New York University, (Sally Ann Applin), MIT3 (Derrick Yim), University of Regina4 (Jim Hanan). 1992. The Virtual Museum: Interactive 3D Navigation of a Multimedia Database. Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation.  Volume 3, Issue 3, July/Sept. 1992, pp.183–197.

'''Book Chapters'''

'''BlueSky:''' [https://bsky.app/profile/anthropunk.bsky.social @anthropunk]

Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A., and Ravula, R. 2025. External Intelligence: Oracles, Divination and Animism, and the Use of LLMs/Generative AI. In Studies in [https://bookstore.emerald.com/symbolic-interaction-and-ai-hb-9781837086931.html Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 61, Symbolic Interaction and AI (S. Chen, Ed.)]. Emerald Publishing, Leeds, UK. 1 Nov., 2025

Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A. Forthcoming. Anthropology of Artificial Intelligence: Agency, Powerful Knowledge and the Algorithmic Other. In Handbook on Anthropology and Artificial Intelligence. Udupa, S., Baas, M., and Hervik, P. (Eds). (Forthcoming).

Applin, S. A. 2019. Cultures and Context in the Technology Industry: A Dynamic System. In Cracking the Digital Ceiling. Frieze, C. and Quesenberry, J. (Eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2016. Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Smart Healthcare. In Handbook of Research on the Internet of Things and Advanced Applications in Healthcare. Reis, C. and Maximiana, M. (Eds.). IGI Global, Hershey, PA, 2016.

Applin,S.A.2016. Deliveries by Drone: Obstacles and Sociability. In The Future of Drone Use: Technologies, Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives. Bart Custers (Ed.), pp. 71–91. Springer T.M.C. Asser Press, IT and Law Series. The Hague, 2016.

Applin, S.A. 2002. Team Roles in the Design Process: Living with and Creating Legacies that Benefit Design. In Creating Breakthrough Ideas: The Collaboration of Anthropologists and Designers in the Product Development Industry, Susan Squires and Bryan Byrne (Eds.). Bergin & Garvey, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 2002.

'''Peer-Reviewed Academic Oral Papers'''

Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A. 2025. Dynamics of Built and Unbuilt Infrastructure through Cultural Extensions. Beyond Infrastructure? (Un-)built Environments in the Anthropocene. InfraNorth International Conference, University of Vienna. Vienna, Austria. 22-24 Sept., 2025.

Applin, S.A. 2022. “Banksy and Walt Disney: Admiration and Inspiration, or Appropriation?” Disney Studies - Special Topic, 2022. Popular Culture Association 2022 Annual (Virtual) Conference (PCA/ACA 2022). 14 April, 2022.

Applin, S. A. 2019. “Attention Shortcut: Mechanisms For Adapting To Prosumption and Forced Compliance.” Annual Meeting of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S 2019) New Orleans, LA, 4–7 Sept. 2019. (Accepted but unable to attend)

Applin, S.A. 2019. “Adaptive Ethical Systems for AI, Automation, and Agents: Social and Cultural Requirements.” Implementing Machine Ethics Workshop. Machine Ethics Research Group, School of Computer Science, University College Dublin. July 2019.

Applin, S. 2017. ‘Realists’ of a Larger Reality: Anthropological Intersections with Science Fiction. American Anthropological Association Roundtable. American Anthropological Association 116th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., Dec. 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2014. Achieving Successful Outcomes from Science Fiction Inspired Technologies. Strangers in Strange Lands: Mapping the Relationship between Anthropology and Science Fiction, University of Kent, Canterbury,  School of Anthropology and Conservation, Canterbury, Kent, UK, 15–16 Nov., 2014.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2014. Forced Compliance: How the City Shapes the Network that Shapes the City. Global cities: digital urbanization in the 21st century (Commission on Urban Anthropology)(P121). International Unison of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES) with The Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology (JASCA),  Chiba City Tokyo,15–18 May, 2014.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Ways to Go: Agency and Heterogeneity in Geography. Session: 3125 Geo/Code: Digital Society. Association of American Geographers (AAG) Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, 11 April, 2013.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. Everybody is Talking to Each Other without Talking to Each Other: PolySocial Reality  and Asynchronous Adaptation. Session: Online, Social, and Individual Spaces: Crossing Borders and Delimiting Life Frameworks. American Anthropological Association (AAA) Conference, San Francisco, CA. Nov. 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. PolySocial Reality and Connected Individuation in Communities. Mobile  Communication, Community, and Locative Media, International Communication Association (ICA) Pre-conference Workshop, Phoenix, AZ, 23–24 May, 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer. M.D. 2012) PolySocial Reality: Augmentation and Experience. Theorizing the Web Conference (TtW2012), College Park, MD, April 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012 Blurry Borders and Blended Boundaries: PolySocial Reality in Digitally Individuated Communities. Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA), Digital and Virtual Communities. Bays, Boundaries, and Borders, Baltimore, MD, 27–31 March, 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer. M.D. 2011) Humans and Knowledge: Making it in the Web 2.0 World. Theorizing the Web Conference (TtW 2011), College Park, MD, April 2011.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. Come On, Do the Geolocomotion: Anthropological Context Goes Geospatial. Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA), Expanding the Influence of Applied Social Science, Seattle, WA, April 2011.

Fischer, M., Applin, S.A. 2010. Articulating Cultural Symbols: Virtual, Augmented and Other Realities. Session: Virtuality, Simulation and Social Life. American Anthropological Association (AAA) Conference, New Orleans, LA, Nov. 2010.
Applin, S.A. 1999. Historical Perspective on the Design of Virtual Museums: Virtual Museum Design. College Art Association (CAA) Annual Conference, Long Beach, CA, Feb. 1999.

'''Academic Book Reviews'''

Applin, Sally A. 2019. ”Review of: De la Cadena, Marisol and Blaser, Mario (Eds.). A World Of Many Worlds. Durham and London, Duke University Press, 2018. Journal of International & Global Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 129-131, 2019.

'''Editorial Reviewed Academic Publications'''

Applin, S.A. 2021. Amazon Sidewalk Needs our Trust for its Security. Allegra Lab (One Shots). 16 July, 2021.

Applin, S.A. 2020. The Chaos of Asynchronous Grief. Allegra Lab (Thematic Threads, Corona). 15 May, 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Our Present as the Past’s Fictitious Future. In Speculative Anthropologies, Theorizing the Contemporary. (Anderson et al. Eds). Cultural Anthropology. 18 Dec. 2018.

'''Policy • Written Contributions'''

Applin, S.A. 2017. Dr. Sally Applin, Written Evidence (AIC0172). Written evidence volume: AI in the UK: ready, willing, and able? Parliamentary Business. House of Lords, Artificial Intelligence Committee. Appendix 2: List of Witnesses. 6 Sept, 2017.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Written Evidence #00007. FTC Seeks Input on Privacy and Security Implications of the Internet of Things; Federal Trade Commission Project No. P135405; FTC Commission Staff Workshop, Washington, DC. 21, Nov. 2013.

'''Other Talks and Panel Participation'''

Applin, S.A. 2020. Invited Guest, ‘Aftermath: Virtually Maker Faire Wrap.” Virtual Maker Faire, Zoom. 23 May, 2020.

Applin, S. 2017. Invited panelist, ‘A Doctor, Computer Scientist, Start-up Guy & Anthropologist, walk into a Bar.' Augmented World Expo (AWE 2017), San Jose, CA, June 2017.

Applin, S. 2016. Invited panelist, ‘Computer Says No: justice, accountability and clarity in the age of algorithms.'  Nesta. London, UK, Feb. 2016.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Thing Theory: Making Sense of IoT Complexity. O’Reilly Solid – Hardware,  Software & the Internet of Things. San Francisco, CA, June 25–26, 2015.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Social AR: Why we need it. How to get it. Augmented World Expo (AWE 2015),  San Jose, CA. June 9, 2015.

Applin, S.A., Panelist. Ethernet Technology Summit. Ethernet and the Internet of Things Seminar, Session IOT–15:  Future of Ethernet and the Internet of Things. San Jose, CA, 14 April, 2015.

Applin, S.A. Becker, G. 2012 PolySocial Reality and the Enspirited World. Culture, Science and Play, SXSW Interactive Austin, Texas, 13 March, 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. AR and Social and Sensors, Oh My! Augmented Reality Event (ARE2011),  San Jose, CA, 18 May, 2011.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. AnthroPunk: MetaMaking, Culture Making and the ‘Making’ of Making. Maker Faire 2011, San Mateo, CA, May 2011.

Applin, S. 2001. Telecommuting. Pick up the Thread of Sustainability: Wires + Tires. 2011 Metropolis West Conference. San Francisco, CA, Feb. 2001.

'''Poster'''

Applin, S.A. 2010. Poster: Alternative Future: Steampowered Privacy. TRUST session, CFP2010, Computers, Freedom and Privacy in a Networked Society (ACM Computers, Freedom and Privacy), San Jose, CA, June 2010.

'''Paid Commercial Articles'''

Applin, S.A. 2025. LLMs are the users now. Fast Company (POV). 8 Sept., 2025.

Applin, S.A. 2025. AI researchers want to map the 3D world. That means going vertical—and possibly nuclear. Fast Company (POV). 1 April, 2025.

Applin, S.A. 2024. Digital labels are coming to retailers. That’s a loss for consumers. Fast Company (POV). 6 Sept., 2024.

Applin, S.A. 2024. CrowdStrike showed us the risks of over-automation. Will we heed the warning? Fast Company  (POV). 2 Aug., 2024.

Applin, S.A. 2024. How fast food is becoming a new surveillance ground. Fast Company (Tech). 8 April, 2024.

Applin, S.A. 2024. How low-level automation can help air traffic controllers. Fast Company (POV). 19 Jan., 2024.

Applin, S.A. 2023. Over-automation is breaking the web. And AI won’t fix it. Fast Company (POV). 1 Nov., 2023.

Applin, S.A. 2023.The OceanGate Titan’s disappearance highlights the dangers of the startup ethos at sea. Fast Company (POV). 21 June, 2023.

Applin, S.A. 2023. Our cities are becoming increasingly automated—and we’re not equipped for the change. Fast Company (Premium). 21 June, 2023.

Applin, S.A. 2023. Maybe integrating mobile robots into everyday life isn't a good idea. Fast Company. 17 Feb., 2023.

Applin, S.A. 2022. “Hello, Elon, Goodbye, the Twitter we once knew.” Fast Company. 27 Oct., 2022.

Applin, S.A. 2022. “Who let the robot dogs out?” Fast Company. 15 Sept., 2022.

Applin, S.A. 2022. "Google is working on language-to-text AR glasses. It's a complicated idea." Fast Company. 18 May, 2022.

Applin, S.A. 2022. “Nobody really knows how we're going to shop in the metaverse.” Fast Company. 5 March, 2022.

Applin, S.A. 2021. Why Facebook is using Ray-Ban to stake a claim on our faces: To build the metaverse, Facebook needs us to get used to smart glasses. MIT Technology Review. 15 Sept., 2021.

Applin, S.A. 2021. With ‘Sidewalk,’ Amazon is building its own private neighborhood networks. Fast Company.
31 March, 2021.

Applin, S.A. 2021. MAGA is a superbrand. Cutting off Trump's social media isn't enough. Fast Company. 14 Jan. 2021.
Applin, S.A. 2020. These Virtual Stores are a joyful twist on e-commerce. Fast Company. 18 Dec. 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2020. Policing’s problems won’t be fixed by tech that aids—or replaces—humans. Fast Company.
20 July, 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2020. The Pandemic is Changing How Human Beings Think About Status. Fast Company. 15 May, 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2020. Maker culture’s DIY spirit is helping us get through this pandemic. Fast Company (Coronovirus).
 15 April, 2020.

Applin, S. A. 2019. Everyone’s talking about ethics in AI. Here’s what they’re missing. The rush toward ethical AI is leaving many of us behind. Fast Company (POV). 15 June, 2019.

Applin, S. A. 2019. How growing cities are making it hard for Makers. As garages and similar spaces grow less accessible in places like Silicon Valley, we can’t make things where we used to. Fast Company (POV). 17 May, 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2019. The creeping threat of facial recognition. Do those championing new surveillance technology not realize that they too will be affected by it? Fast Company (POV). 7 May, 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2019. How much are we sacrificing for automation? Lessons from an Amazon warehouse, and a world where increasingly anything (and anyone) that can be measured, is. Fast Company (POV). 21 Apr., 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Science Fiction Is Not Social Reality. Motherboard/VICE Media. 20 July, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. With Echo in Hotel Rooms, Amazon Can Now Track Your Travel Habits. Motherboard/VICE Media. 21 June, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Amazon Wants You to Shop at Amazon as Long as You Follow the Rules It Doesn’t Tell You About.
Motherboard/VICE Media. 29 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Tech Billionaires Are Building Their Utopias Without Asking Us. Motherboard/VICE Media. 21 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Google is Saving Its Own Time, Not Yours. Motherboard/VICE Media. 15 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Google Duplex Puts AI Into a Social Uncanny Valley. Motherboard/VICE Media. 9 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Delivery Robots will Rely on Human Kindness and Labor. Motherboard/VICE Media. 8 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Disrupting the Commons: Dockless Bikes and Scooters Create Layers of Community Instability. Motherboard/VICE Media. 26 April, 2018.

'''Other Writing/Contributions'''

Applin, Sally A. 2020. Live from Everyone’s House: It’s Saturday Night! Medium. 18 April, 2020.

Applin, Sally A. 2019. The Artificial Gaze (and Gait Interpretation) of Algorithms. Medium. 3 June, 2019.

Applin, Sally A. 2019. General Magic Movie: Tales from the Silicon Valley Vault. Medium. 1 March, 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Shifting Responsibility to The Commons: New Apple Watch Feature Summons Emergency Services If You Fall and Stay Down for Over A Minute. Medium. 13 Sept., 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. A Plan for Developing Global AI Policy. Medium. 16 August, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. A Flying Car Buzzing You to Work? It’s a Long Road, er, Long Blue Sky Ahead, for Blackfly. Medium. 17 July, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Amazon Echo Takes its Name Literally. Medium. 25 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Silicon Valley’s Naiveté: The YouTube Shooter, Culture, and Automation. Medium. 5 April, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2017. The Automation and Privatization of Community Knowledge. Savage Minds. 1 Oct., 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Paying with our Faces: Apple's FaceID. Savage Minds. 23 Sept., 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Artificial Intelligence: Making AI in our Images. Savage Minds. 7 Sept., 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: Stock or Custom? IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. July 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Social Aspects of Standards Committees. Medium.18 Oct., 2017.

Applin, S. 2017. They Sow, They Reap: How Humans are Becoming Algorithm Chow. Medium, 13 May, 2017

Applin, S. 2017. Amazon's Echo Look: We're Going a Long Way Back, Baby: Harnessing the Power of Machine Learning for Dynamic Narcissism and Exploration of Human Vulnerability. Medium. 27 April, 2017.

Applin, S. 2017. When Automation Makes Passengers Freight: United Airlines and Seat Assignments. Medium. 10 April, 2017.
Yoshida, W., Applin, S.A. 2017. Ham Stakes: Repurposing Consumer Electronics for Amateur Radio. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. April 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. The Automation of Qualitative Methods. EPIC. 18 Jan., 2017.

Applin, S. A. 2016. Amazon Go and the Erosion of Supermarket Sociability. Savage Minds. Invited post. 13 Dec., 2016.

Applin, S. 2016. Warehousing Burning Man: Ghostship and the Issues of Nested Culture and Bad Algorithms. Medium.  8 Dec., 2016.

Applin, S. 2016. Spirits in the Sky: Exploring Jet Packs. Bronislaw Magazine, Issue 1. 18 March, 2016.

Applin, S. 2015. Technology and Change: Open Letter to Sherry Turkle. IEEE Society and Technology Magazine.  4 Dec., 2015.

Applin, S., Fischer, M. 2015. The social car: Simplifying autonomous action with Thing Theory. Robohub.10 June, 2015.

Applin, S. 2015. Could Communication Overload Result in Police Mistakes? EPIC. 11 Feb., 2015.

Applin, S.A. 2013. The Emperor’s New Robotic Self? PoSR.org. 19 Dec., 2013.

Applin, S.A. 2013. Managing Multiple Multiplexed PolySocial Drones: The Amazon Drone Dream. PoSR.org.  2 Dec., 2013.

Applin, S. 2012. Cardboard Prophet: Hacking the 3D Experience at Caine’s Arcade. The Society Pages. Cyborgology.
 20 May, 2012.

Applin, S. 2012. Google Glasses? Head’s Up! The Society Pages. Cyborgology. 10 April, 2012.

Applin, S. 2012. Connected cAR: Becoming the Cyborg Chauffeur. The Society Pages. Cyborgology. 10 April, 2012.

Applin, S. Steampunk, Open Source and Privacy. In Steampunk kurz & geek. Jahnke, A., Rauchfuß, M. Eds., pp. 79–80. O’Reilly Vlg. GmbH & Company, 2012.

''' Coursework '''
Applin, Sally A. 1991. [https://sally.com/w/images/a/a1/20110612200900%21Museum_of_the_Future.pdf The Museum of the Future.] A part of coursework for NYU/ITP. Date accessed: 9 Sept., 2021.

'''Blogs:'''
https://medium.com/@AnthroPunk

http://trends.wordpress.com/

About Sally Applin, Ph.D.

2025-10-26T08:43:10Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[[File:Applin.jpg]]

Sally A. Applin earned her Ph.D.in Anthropology at the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, working with the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC) where she researches the changing relationship between humans and algorithms, the impact of technology on culture, Maker culture, leading technologies, and the outcomes of network complexities as modeled by PolySocial Reality (PoSR). At Kent, Dr. Applin was advised by Dr. Michael D. Fischer, Professor of Anthropological Sciences, Chief Examiner, Director of CSAC, and Director of Enterprise. Sally holds a Masters degree from the graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program at NYU (ITP), and a BA in Conceptual Design from SFSU. Sally has had a career in the science museum design, computer software, telecommunications, innovation, insight, and product design/definition industries working as a Senior UX Designer, Senior Researcher, and Senior Consultant. An avid writer, S.A. Applin has also contributed to articles in Motherboard/Vice, Fast Company, Make, and the MIT Technology Review.

Dr. Applin is an anthropologist and Sr. Researcher who explores the domains of human agency, algorithms, AI, and automation in the context of social systems and sociability. Dr. Applin is a Research Fellow at HRAF Advanced Research Centres (EU), Canterbury, Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC), and Research Associate at Human Relations Area Files (HRAF), Yale University. Dr. Applin has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Associate Editor of the IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine (Societal Impacts Section), and an Executive Board Member of the Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Foundation. Dr. Applin is currently a member of IoT Council (a think tank for the Internet of Things (IoT)), Shortwave Collective, the ACM Committee on Professional Ethics in Computer Science, the IEEE Algorithmic Decision Making Working Group (2017–ongoing), the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), and the Popular Culture Association.

Contact: sally@ (this domain)

'''BlueSky:''' [https://bsky.app/profile/anthropunk.bsky.social @anthropunk]

'''NEW! Book Chapter:''' Nov. 2025 Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A., and Ravula, R. 2025. External Intelligence: Oracles, Divination and Animism, and the Use of LLMs/Generative AI. In Studies in [https://bookstore.emerald.com/symbolic-interaction-and-ai-hb-9781837086931.html Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 61, Symbolic Interaction and AI (S. Chen, Ed.)]. Emerald Publishing, Leeds, UK. 1 Nov., 2025

'''COMING SOON! Book Chapter:''' Forthcoming. Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A. Forthcoming. Anthropology of Artificial Intelligence: Agency, Powerful Knowledge and the Algorithmic Other. In Handbook on Anthropology and Artificial Intelligence. Udupa, S., Baas, M., and Hervik, P. (Eds). (Forthcoming).

'''Publication Highlights:'''

'''Paper:''' May 2021 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons]

'''Paper:''' April 2016 [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines]

'''Paper:''' March 2016 [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace]

'''Paper:''' November 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other]

'''Paper:''' April 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications]

'''Paper:''' March 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car]

'''Paper:''' March 2, 2015 [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes]

'''Article:''' Dec. 2013: [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions"]

'''Paper:''' June 29, 2013: [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me. Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' March 19, 2013: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

About Sally Applin, Ph.D.

2025-10-26T08:41:39Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[[File:Applin.jpg]]

Sally A. Applin earned her Ph.D.in Anthropology at the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, working with the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC) where she researches the changing relationship between humans and algorithms, the impact of technology on culture, Maker culture, leading technologies, and the outcomes of network complexities as modeled by PolySocial Reality (PoSR). At Kent, Dr. Applin was advised by Dr. Michael D. Fischer, Professor of Anthropological Sciences, Chief Examiner, Director of CSAC, and Director of Enterprise. Sally holds a Masters degree from the graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program at NYU (ITP), and a BA in Conceptual Design from SFSU. Sally has had a career in the science museum design, computer software, telecommunications, innovation, insight, and product design/definition industries working as a Senior UX Designer, Senior Researcher, and Senior Consultant. An avid writer, S.A. Applin has also contributed to articles in Motherboard/Vice, Fast Company, Make, and the MIT Technology Review.

Dr. Applin is an anthropologist and Sr. Researcher who explores the domains of human agency, algorithms, AI, and automation in the context of social systems and sociability. Dr. Applin is a Research Fellow at HRAF Advanced Research Centres (EU), Canterbury, Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC), and Research Associate at Human Relations Area Files (HRAF), Yale University. Dr. Applin has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Associate Editor of the IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine (Societal Impacts Section), and an Executive Board Member of the Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Foundation. Dr. Applin is currently a member of IoT Council (a think tank for the Internet of Things (IoT)), Shortwave Collective, the ACM Committee on Professional Ethics in Computer Science, the IEEE Algorithmic Decision Making Working Group (2017–ongoing), the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), and the Popular Culture Association.

Contact: sally@ (this domain)

'''BlueSky:''' [https://bsky.app/profile/anthropunk.bsky.social @anthropunk]

'''NEW! Book Chapter:''' Nov. 2025 Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A., and Ravula, R. 2024-2025. External Intelligence: Oracles, Divination and Animism, and the Use of LLMs/Generative AI. In Studies in [https://bookstore.emerald.com/symbolic-interaction-and-ai-hb-9781837086931.html Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 61, Symbolic Interaction and AI (S. Chen, Ed.)]. Emerald Publishing, Leeds, UK. 1 Nov., 2025

'''COMING SOON! Book Chapter:''' Forthcoming. Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A. Forthcoming. Anthropology of Artificial Intelligence: Agency, Powerful Knowledge and the Algorithmic Other. In Handbook on Anthropology and Artificial Intelligence. Udupa, S., Baas, M., and Hervik, P. (Eds). (Forthcoming).

'''Publication Highlights:'''

'''Paper:''' May 2021 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons]

'''Paper:''' April 2016 [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines]

'''Paper:''' March 2016 [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace]

'''Paper:''' November 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other]

'''Paper:''' April 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications]

'''Paper:''' March 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car]

'''Paper:''' March 2, 2015 [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes]

'''Article:''' Dec. 2013: [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions"]

'''Paper:''' June 29, 2013: [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me. Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' March 19, 2013: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

About Sally Applin, Ph.D.

2025-10-26T08:41:19Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2025 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[[File:Applin.jpg]]

Sally A. Applin earned her Ph.D.in Anthropology at the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, working with the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC) where she researches the changing relationship between humans and algorithms, the impact of technology on culture, Maker culture, leading technologies, and the outcomes of network complexities as modeled by PolySocial Reality (PoSR). At Kent, Dr. Applin was advised by Dr. Michael D. Fischer, Professor of Anthropological Sciences, Chief Examiner, Director of CSAC, and Director of Enterprise. Sally holds a Masters degree from the graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program at NYU (ITP), and a BA in Conceptual Design from SFSU. Sally has had a career in the science museum design, computer software, telecommunications, innovation, insight, and product design/definition industries working as a Senior UX Designer, Senior Researcher, and Senior Consultant. An avid writer, S.A. Applin has also contributed to articles in Motherboard/Vice, Fast Company, Make, and the MIT Technology Review.

Dr. Applin is an anthropologist and Sr. Researcher who explores the domains of human agency, algorithms, AI, and automation in the context of social systems and sociability. Dr. Applin is a Research Fellow at HRAF Advanced Research Centres (EU), Canterbury, Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC), and Research Associate at Human Relations Area Files (HRAF), Yale University. Dr. Applin has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Associate Editor of the IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine (Societal Impacts Section), and an Executive Board Member of the Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Foundation. Dr. Applin is currently a member of IoT Council (a think tank for the Internet of Things (IoT)), Shortwave Collective, the ACM Committee on Professional Ethics in Computer Science, the IEEE Algorithmic Decision Making Working Group (2017–ongoing), the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), and the Popular Culture Association.

Contact: sally@ (this domain)

'''BlueSky:''' [https://bsky.app/profile/anthropunk.bsky.social @anthropunk]

'''NEW! Book Chapter:''' Nov. 2025 Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A., and Ravula, R. 2024-2025. External Intelligence: Oracles, Divination and Animism, and the Use of LLMs/Generative AI. In Studies in [https://bookstore.emerald.com/symbolic-interaction-and-ai-hb-9781837086931.html Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 61, Symbolic Interaction and AI (S. Chen, Ed.)]. Emerald Publishing, Leeds, UK. 1 Nov., 2025

'''COMING SOON! Book Chapter:''' Forthcoming. Fischer, M.D., Applin, S.A. Forthcoming. Anthropology of Artificial Intelligence: Agency, Powerful Knowledge and the Algorithmic Other. In Handbook on Anthropology and Artificial Intelligence. Udupa, S., Baas, M., and Hervik, P. (Eds). (Forthcoming).

'''Publication Highlights:'''

'''Paper:''' May 2021 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons]

'''Paper:''' April 2016 [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines]

'''Paper:''' March 2016 [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace]

'''Paper:''' November 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other]

'''Paper:''' April 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications]

'''Paper:''' March 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car]

'''Paper:''' March 2, 2015 [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes]

'''Article:''' Dec. 2013: [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions"]

'''Paper:''' June 29, 2013: [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me. Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' March 19, 2013: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

Publications List

2022-04-17T20:59:02Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2022 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Publications, Talks, Paid Commercial Articles, etc.'''

'''Peer Reviewed Written Publications'''

Applin, S.A., Flick, C. 2021. Facebook’s Project Aria Indicates Problems for Responsible Innovation when Broadly Deploying AR and other Pervasive Technology in the Commons. Journal of Responsible Ethics. April, 2021.

Pavliscak, F., Aledhari, M., Aneja, N., Mandal, S., Villume, G., Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D., Kelly, C., Koene, A., Stender, M., Aiyer, R., Carter, K., Cristache, L., Hriynak, C., Richardson, D., Parsons, N. (Forthcoming). Considerations for Algorithmic Decision Making. IEEE Internet Initiative.

Applin, S.A. 2018. They Sow, They Reap: How Humans are Becoming Algorithm Chow. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 8 Feb. 2018, pp. 101–106.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2016. Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines. The 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Social Machines: Observing social machines on the Web. 25th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2016). Montreal, Canada, 11 April, 2016.

Applin, S.A. , Fischer, M.D. 2016. Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace. Workshop WP-28: Algorithms at Work: Empirical Diversity, Analytic Vocabularies, Design Implications. The19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). San Francisco, Ca, 27 Feb–2 March, 2016.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. New Technologies and Mixed-use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other. IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS). Dublin, IE. 11 Nov., 2015.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D., Riener, A. 2015. Extending Driver–Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Commons.  IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Oct. 2015.

Applin, S.A. 2015. Ich liebe Dich UBER alles in der Welt (I love you more than anything else in the world).  IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, June 2015, pp. 13–15.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Towards a Multi-User Social Augmented Reality Experience. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, April 2015, pp. 100–106.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the  Social Car. (Expanded Auto UI 2012 workshop paper). IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, spring 2015, March 2015, pp. 65–72.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Cooperation Between Humans & Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes.  10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2015). Workshop: The Emerging  Policy and Ethics of Human-Robot Interaction. Portland, OR, 2 March, 2015.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions. IEEE Technology  and Society Magazine, 32(4), winter 2013, 6 Dec., 2013, pp. 35–44.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)  in Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 2013) Paper Track:  Sousveillance | Surveillance. Toronto, Canada, 29 June, 2013.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location Aware Smart Environments. Workshop  on Location-Based Services in Smart Environments (LAMDa’13) in Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on  Intelligent User Interfaces (Santa Monica, CA,) IUI ’13. ACM, New York, NY. 19 March, 2013.

Applin, S., Fischer, M., Walker, K. 2012. Visualizing PolySocial Reality. JITSO 2012, First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology. Lausanne, CH, 3 Dec., 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles.  In proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (Automotive UI ’12). Workshop: The Social Car. In cooperation with ACM SIGCHI. Portsmouth, NH,  17–19 Oct., 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. PolySocial Reality: a Conceptual Model for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality. In Workshop on Location-Based Services in Smart Environments (LAMDa’12) in Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (Lisbon, Portugal,14–17 Feb., 2012) IUI ’12. ACM, New York, NY, pp. 393–396.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of ‘Place’ Integration. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE) (Nottingham, UK, 25–28 July, 2011) IE’11. Washington, DC, pp. 285–293.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality. In Workshop on Location-Based Services in Smart Environments (LAMDa’11) in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI’11), Palo Alto, CA, 13–16 Feb., 2011. ACM, New York, NY, 477–478.

Apple Computer, Inc.1(Gavin Miller, Eric Hoffert, Shenchang Eric, Elizabeth Patterson, Dean Blackketter, Steve Rubin), New York University, (Sally Ann Applin), MIT3 (Derrick Yim), University of Regina4 (Jim Hanan). 1992. The Virtual Museum: Interactive 3D Navigation of a Multimedia Database. Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation.  Volume 3, Issue 3, July/Sept. 1992, pp.183–197.

'''Book Chapters'''

Applin, S. A. 2019. Cultures and Context in the Technology Industry: A Dynamic System. In Cracking the Digital Ceiling. Frieze, C. and Quesenberry, J. (Eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2016. Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Smart Healthcare. In Handbook of Research on the Internet of Things and Advanced Applications in Healthcare. Reis, C. and Maximiana, M. (Eds.). IGI Global, Hershey, PA, 2016.

Applin,S.A.2016. Deliveries by Drone: Obstacles and Sociability. In The Future of Drone Use: Technologies, Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives. Bart Custers (Ed.), pp. 71–91. Springer T.M.C. Asser Press, IT and Law Series. The Hague, 2016.

Applin, S.A. 2002. Team Roles in the Design Process: Living with and Creating Legacies that Benefit Design. In Creating Breakthrough Ideas: The Collaboration of Anthropologists and Designers in the Product Development Industry, Susan Squires and Bryan Byrne (Eds.). Bergin & Garvey, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 2002.

'''Peer-Reviewed Academic Oral Papers'''

Applin, S.A. 2022. “Banksy and Walt Disney: Admiration and Inspiration, or Appropriation?” Disney Studies - Special Topic, 2022. Popular Culture Association 2022 Annual (Virtual) Conference (PCA/ACA 2022). 14 April, 2022.

Applin, S. A. 2019. “Attention Shortcut: Mechanisms For Adapting To Prosumption and Forced Compliance.” Annual Meeting of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S 2019) New Orleans, LA, 4–7 Sept. 2019. (Accepted but unable to attend)

Applin, S.A. 2019. “Adaptive Ethical Systems for AI, Automation, and Agents: Social and Cultural Requirements.” Implementing Machine Ethics Workshop. Machine Ethics Research Group, School of Computer Science, University College Dublin. July 2019.

Applin, S. 2017. ‘Realists’ of a Larger Reality: Anthropological Intersections with Science Fiction. American Anthropological Association Roundtable. American Anthropological Association 116th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., Dec. 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2014. Achieving Successful Outcomes from Science Fiction Inspired Technologies. Strangers in Strange Lands: Mapping the Relationship between Anthropology and Science Fiction, University of Kent, Canterbury,  School of Anthropology and Conservation, Canterbury, Kent, UK, 15–16 Nov., 2014.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2014. Forced Compliance: How the City Shapes the Network that Shapes the City. Global cities: digital urbanization in the 21st century (Commission on Urban Anthropology)(P121). International Unison of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES) with The Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology (JASCA),  Chiba City Tokyo,15–18 May, 2014.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Ways to Go: Agency and Heterogeneity in Geography. Session: 3125 Geo/Code: Digital Society. Association of American Geographers (AAG) Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, 11 April, 2013.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. Everybody is Talking to Each Other without Talking to Each Other: PolySocial Reality  and Asynchronous Adaptation. Session: Online, Social, and Individual Spaces: Crossing Borders and Delimiting Life Frameworks. American Anthropological Association (AAA) Conference, San Francisco, CA. Nov. 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012. PolySocial Reality and Connected Individuation in Communities. Mobile  Communication, Community, and Locative Media, International Communication Association (ICA) Pre-conference Workshop, Phoenix, AZ, 23–24 May, 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer. M.D. 2012) PolySocial Reality: Augmentation and Experience. Theorizing the Web Conference (TtW2012), College Park, MD, April 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2012 Blurry Borders and Blended Boundaries: PolySocial Reality in Digitally Individuated Communities. Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA), Digital and Virtual Communities. Bays, Boundaries, and Borders, Baltimore, MD, 27–31 March, 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer. M.D. 2011) Humans and Knowledge: Making it in the Web 2.0 World. Theorizing the Web Conference (TtW 2011), College Park, MD, April 2011.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. Come On, Do the Geolocomotion: Anthropological Context Goes Geospatial. Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA), Expanding the Influence of Applied Social Science, Seattle, WA, April 2011.

Fischer, M., Applin, S.A. 2010. Articulating Cultural Symbols: Virtual, Augmented and Other Realities. Session: Virtuality, Simulation and Social Life. American Anthropological Association (AAA) Conference, New Orleans, LA, Nov. 2010.
Applin, S.A. 1999. Historical Perspective on the Design of Virtual Museums: Virtual Museum Design. College Art Association (CAA) Annual Conference, Long Beach, CA, Feb. 1999.

'''Academic Book Reviews'''

Applin, Sally A. 2019. ”Review of: De la Cadena, Marisol and Blaser, Mario (Eds.). A World Of Many Worlds. Durham and London, Duke University Press, 2018. Journal of International & Global Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 129-131, 2019.

'''Editorial Reviewed Academic Publications'''

Applin, S.A. 2021. Amazon Sidewalk Needs our Trust for its Security. Allegra Lab (One Shots). 16 July, 2021.

Applin, S.A. 2020. The Chaos of Asynchronous Grief. Allegra Lab (Thematic Threads, Corona). 15 May, 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Our Present as the Past’s Fictitious Future. In Speculative Anthropologies, Theorizing the Contemporary. (Anderson et al. Eds). Cultural Anthropology. 18 Dec. 2018.

'''Policy • Written Contributions'''

Applin, S.A. 2017. Dr. Sally Applin, Written Evidence (AIC0172). Written evidence volume: AI in the UK: ready, willing, and able? Parliamentary Business. House of Lords, Artificial Intelligence Committee. Appendix 2: List of Witnesses. 6 Sept, 2017.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2013. Written Evidence #00007. FTC Seeks Input on Privacy and Security Implications of the Internet of Things; Federal Trade Commission Project No. P135405; FTC Commission Staff Workshop, Washington, DC. 21, Nov. 2013.

'''Other Talks and Panel Participation'''

Applin, S.A. 2020. Invited Guest, ‘Aftermath: Virtually Maker Faire Wrap.” Virtual Maker Faire, Zoom. 23 May, 2020.

Applin, S. 2017. Invited panelist, ‘A Doctor, Computer Scientist, Start-up Guy & Anthropologist, walk into a Bar.' Augmented World Expo (AWE 2017), San Jose, CA, June 2017.

Applin, S. 2016. Invited panelist, ‘Computer Says No: justice, accountability and clarity in the age of algorithms.'  Nesta. London, UK, Feb. 2016.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Thing Theory: Making Sense of IoT Complexity. O’Reilly Solid – Hardware,  Software & the Internet of Things. San Francisco, CA, June 25–26, 2015.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2015. Social AR: Why we need it. How to get it. Augmented World Expo (AWE 2015),  San Jose, CA. June 9, 2015.

Applin, S.A., Panelist. Ethernet Technology Summit. Ethernet and the Internet of Things Seminar, Session IOT–15:  Future of Ethernet and the Internet of Things. San Jose, CA, 14 April, 2015.

Applin, S.A. Becker, G. 2012 PolySocial Reality and the Enspirited World. Culture, Science and Play, SXSW Interactive Austin, Texas, 13 March, 2012.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. AR and Social and Sensors, Oh My! Augmented Reality Event (ARE2011),  San Jose, CA, 18 May, 2011.

Applin, S.A., Fischer, M.D. 2011. AnthroPunk: MetaMaking, Culture Making and the ‘Making’ of Making. Maker Faire 2011, San Mateo, CA, May 2011.

Applin, S. 2001. Telecommuting. Pick up the Thread of Sustainability: Wires + Tires. 2011 Metropolis West Conference. San Francisco, CA, Feb. 2001.

'''Poster'''

Applin, S.A. 2010. Poster: Alternative Future: Steampowered Privacy. TRUST session, CFP2010, Computers, Freedom and Privacy in a Networked Society (ACM Computers, Freedom and Privacy), San Jose, CA, June 2010.

'''Paid Commercial Articles'''

Applin, S.A. 2022. “Nobody really knows how we're going to shop in the metaverse.” Fast Company. 5 March, 2022.

Applin, S.A. 2021. Why Facebook is using Ray-Ban to stake a claim on our faces: To build the metaverse, Facebook needs us to get used to smart glasses. MIT Technology Review. 15 Sept., 2021.

Applin, S.A. 2021. With ‘Sidewalk,’ Amazon is building its own private neighborhood networks. Fast Company.
31 March, 2021.

Applin, S.A. 2021. MAGA is a superbrand. Cutting off Trump's social media isn't enough. Fast Company. 14 Jan. 2021.
Applin, S.A. 2020. These Virtual Stores are a joyful twist on e-commerce. Fast Company. 18 Dec. 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2020. Policing’s problems won’t be fixed by tech that aids—or replaces—humans. Fast Company.
20 July, 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2020. The Pandemic is Changing How Human Beings Think About Status. Fast Company. 15 May, 2020.

Applin, S.A. 2020. Maker culture’s DIY spirit is helping us get through this pandemic. Fast Company (Coronovirus).
 15 April, 2020.

Applin, S. A. 2019. Everyone’s talking about ethics in AI. Here’s what they’re missing. The rush toward ethical AI is leaving many of us behind. Fast Company (POV). 15 June, 2019.

Applin, S. A. 2019. How growing cities are making it hard for Makers. As garages and similar spaces grow less accessible in places like Silicon Valley, we can’t make things where we used to. Fast Company (POV). 17 May, 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2019. The creeping threat of facial recognition. Do those championing new surveillance technology not realize that they too will be affected by it? Fast Company (POV). 7 May, 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2019. How much are we sacrificing for automation? Lessons from an Amazon warehouse, and a world where increasingly anything (and anyone) that can be measured, is. Fast Company (POV). 21 Apr., 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Science Fiction Is Not Social Reality. Motherboard/VICE Media. 20 July, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. With Echo in Hotel Rooms, Amazon Can Now Track Your Travel Habits. Motherboard/VICE Media. 21 June, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Amazon Wants You to Shop at Amazon as Long as You Follow the Rules It Doesn’t Tell You About.
Motherboard/VICE Media. 29 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Tech Billionaires Are Building Their Utopias Without Asking Us. Motherboard/VICE Media. 21 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Google is Saving Its Own Time, Not Yours. Motherboard/VICE Media. 15 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Google Duplex Puts AI Into a Social Uncanny Valley. Motherboard/VICE Media. 9 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Delivery Robots will Rely on Human Kindness and Labor. Motherboard/VICE Media. 8 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Disrupting the Commons: Dockless Bikes and Scooters Create Layers of Community Instability. Motherboard/VICE Media. 26 April, 2018.

'''Other Writing/Contributions'''

Applin, Sally A. 2020. Live from Everyone’s House: It’s Saturday Night! Medium. 18 April, 2020.

Applin, Sally A. 2019. The Artificial Gaze (and Gait Interpretation) of Algorithms. Medium. 3 June, 2019.

Applin, Sally A. 2019. General Magic Movie: Tales from the Silicon Valley Vault. Medium. 1 March, 2019.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Shifting Responsibility to The Commons: New Apple Watch Feature Summons Emergency Services If You Fall and Stay Down for Over A Minute. Medium. 13 Sept., 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. A Plan for Developing Global AI Policy. Medium. 16 August, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. A Flying Car Buzzing You to Work? It’s a Long Road, er, Long Blue Sky Ahead, for Blackfly. Medium. 17 July, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Amazon Echo Takes its Name Literally. Medium. 25 May, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2018. Silicon Valley’s Naiveté: The YouTube Shooter, Culture, and Automation. Medium. 5 April, 2018.

Applin, S.A. 2017. The Automation and Privatization of Community Knowledge. Savage Minds. 1 Oct., 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Paying with our Faces: Apple's FaceID. Savage Minds. 23 Sept., 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Artificial Intelligence: Making AI in our Images. Savage Minds. 7 Sept., 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: Stock or Custom? IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. July 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. Social Aspects of Standards Committees. Medium.18 Oct., 2017.

Applin, S. 2017. They Sow, They Reap: How Humans are Becoming Algorithm Chow. Medium, 13 May, 2017

Applin, S. 2017. Amazon's Echo Look: We're Going a Long Way Back, Baby: Harnessing the Power of Machine Learning for Dynamic Narcissism and Exploration of Human Vulnerability. Medium. 27 April, 2017.

Applin, S. 2017. When Automation Makes Passengers Freight: United Airlines and Seat Assignments. Medium. 10 April, 2017.
Yoshida, W., Applin, S.A. 2017. Ham Stakes: Repurposing Consumer Electronics for Amateur Radio. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. April 2017.

Applin, S.A. 2017. The Automation of Qualitative Methods. EPIC. 18 Jan., 2017.

Applin, S. A. 2016. Amazon Go and the Erosion of Supermarket Sociability. Savage Minds. Invited post. 13 Dec., 2016.

Applin, S. 2016. Warehousing Burning Man: Ghostship and the Issues of Nested Culture and Bad Algorithms. Medium.  8 Dec., 2016.

Applin, S. 2016. Spirits in the Sky: Exploring Jet Packs. Bronislaw Magazine, Issue 1. 18 March, 2016.

Applin, S. 2015. Technology and Change: Open Letter to Sherry Turkle. IEEE Society and Technology Magazine.  4 Dec., 2015.

Applin, S., Fischer, M. 2015. The social car: Simplifying autonomous action with Thing Theory. Robohub.10 June, 2015.

Applin, S. 2015. Could Communication Overload Result in Police Mistakes? EPIC. 11 Feb., 2015.

Applin, S.A. 2013. The Emperor’s New Robotic Self? PoSR.org. 19 Dec., 2013.

Applin, S.A. 2013. Managing Multiple Multiplexed PolySocial Drones: The Amazon Drone Dream. PoSR.org.  2 Dec., 2013.

Applin, S. 2012. Cardboard Prophet: Hacking the 3D Experience at Caine’s Arcade. The Society Pages. Cyborgology.
 20 May, 2012.

Applin, S. 2012. Google Glasses? Head’s Up! The Society Pages. Cyborgology. 10 April, 2012.

Applin, S. 2012. Connected cAR: Becoming the Cyborg Chauffeur. The Society Pages. Cyborgology. 10 April, 2012.

Applin, S. Steampunk, Open Source and Privacy. In Steampunk kurz & geek. Jahnke, A., Rauchfuß, M. Eds., pp. 79–80. O’Reilly Vlg. GmbH & Company, 2012.

''' Coursework '''

Applin, Sally A. 1991. [https://sally.com/w/images/a/a1/20110612200900%21Museum_of_the_Future.pdf The Museum of the Future.] A part of coursework for NYU/ITP. Date accessed: 9 Sept., 2021.

'''Blogs:'''

https://medium.com/@AnthroPunk

http://trends.wordpress.com/

About Sally Applin, Ph.D.

2022-02-25T20:42:05Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2022 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[[File:Applin.jpg]]

Sally A. Applin earned her Ph.D.in Anthropology at the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, working with the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC) where she researches the changing relationship between humans and algorithms, the impact of technology on culture, Maker culture, leading technologies, and the outcomes of network complexities as modeled by PolySocial Reality (PoSR). At Kent, Dr. Applin was advised by Dr. Michael D. Fischer, Professor of Anthropological Sciences, Chief Examiner, Director of CSAC, and Director of Enterprise. Sally holds a Masters degree from the graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program at NYU (ITP), and a BA in Conceptual Design from SFSU. Sally has had a career in the science museum design, computer software, telecommunications, innovation, insight, and product design/definition industries working as a Senior UX Designer, Senior Researcher, and Senior Consultant. An avid writer, S.A. Applin has also contributed to articles in Motherboard/Vice, Fast Company, Make, and the MIT Technology Review.

Dr. Applin is an anthropologist and Sr. Researcher who explores the domains of human agency, algorithms, AI, and automation in the context of social systems and sociability. Dr. Applin is a Research Fellow at HRAF Advanced Research Centres (EU), Canterbury, Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC), and Research Associate at Human Relations Area Files (HRAF), Yale University. Dr. Applin has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Associate Editor of the IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine (Societal Impacts Section), and an Executive Board Member of the Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Foundation. Dr. Applin is currently a member of IoT Council (a think tank for the Internet of Things (IoT)), Shortwave Collective, the ACM Committee on Professional Ethics in Computer Science, the IEEE Algorithmic Decision Making Working Group (2017–ongoing), the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), and the Popular Culture Association.

Contact: sally@ (this domain)

'''NEW! Paper:''' May 2021 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons]

Portfolio

2017-04-24T18:37:05Z

Sally:

Coming soon.

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2017 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[[File:art.gif]]

Exhibitions

2017-04-24T18:36:48Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

• Peninsula Open Studios, Sally Applin Drawings, November 2003

• Ferngully + Moss, Gallery, Sally Applin Drawings, June/November 2002

• “California Copy Art,” Xerox PARC, the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, May 1998

• “Zarko’s Galleria e Caffe, Sally Applin Drawings, November/December 1997

• The Santa Rosa Junior College Art Gallery, fall 1992, “The Virtual Museum”

• SIGGRAPH, July 1992: Guerrilla Technologies (G-TECH), “The Virtual Museum”

• ACM Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 1992: The Interactive Experience, “The Virtual Museum”

• New York University, fall 1990, “A Night of Uncensored Stuff,” an interactive Fortune Telling Parlor installation.

• The Children’s Museum of Manhattan, fall 1990, “animated icon” interface for HyperCard computer games

NYU/ITP

2017-04-24T18:36:28Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2017 SALLY A. APPLIN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Sally earned her Masters' degree (Masters' of Professional Studies (MPS)) from New York University, [http://www.tisch.nyu.edu/page/home.html Tisch School of the Arts], [http://itp.tisch.nyu.edu/page/home.html Graduate Department, Interactive Telecommunications Program], [http://itp.nyu.edu/itp/ NYU/ITP]:

'''Awarded Departmental Prize for "Excellence in Design Aesthetics" • Awarded Graduate Assistant Scholarship'''

"'''ITP''' is a '''two-year (60 unit (MPS) Masters) graduate program''' located in the '''Tisch School of the Arts at NYU''' whose mission is to explore the imaginative use of communications technologies — how they might augment, improve, and bring delight and art into people's lives. Perhaps the best way to describe us is as a Center for the Recently Possible." - ITP Website

• [http://itp.nyu.edu/itp/people/people.php?id=13&value=applin&year=&sort=first&group=All Sally Applin at ITP]

• Sally's contribution to The Virtual Museum project, a collaborative project with Apple Computer's 3D Graphics Group under Dr. Frank Crow, formed her Masters' Thesis at NYU/ITP under the category of Production Thesis. This included design, artwork, UX (non-3D), non-3D graphics content development, and some HyperTalk scripting.

• Paper: The Virtual Museum: Interactive 3D Navigation of a Multimedia Database - Gavin Miller1, Eric Hoffert1, Shenchang Eric Chen1, Elizabeth Patterson1, Dean Blackketter1, Steve Rubin1, Sally Ann Applin2, Derrick Yim3, Jim Hanan4

• Abstract: [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vis.4340030305/abstract The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation - Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds Volume 3, Issue 3, pages 183–197, July/September 1992]

"The Virtual Museum is an interactive, electronic museum where users can move from room to room, and select any exhibit in a room for more detailed examination. The exhibits in the museum are educational, encompassing topics such as medicine, plant growth, the environment, and space. To facilitate interaction with the museum, a new method for navigating through a prerendered 3D space, and interacting with objects in that space has been developed, called ‘virtual navigation’. Virtual navigation employs real-time video decompression for the display of, and interaction with, high-quality computer animation. In addition, a representation for 3D objects in animated sequences is used which permits pixel-accurate, frame-accurate object picking, so that a viewer can select any 3D object to trigger movement within the 3D space, to examine an exhibit in animated form, or to play a digital movie or soundtrack. The use of precomputed video permits 3D navigation in a realistic-looking space, without requiring special-purpose graphics hardware."

SFSU Conceptual Design

2017-04-24T18:36:06Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2017 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

== ''"All things are possible, and encouraged."- Bryan Rogers and James Storey''==

 

'''Conceptual Design'''

Sally earned her Bachelor's degree from [http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~infoarts/faculty.html San Francisco State University, School of Fine Art, Department of Conceptual Design]:

"Working within the Art Department at San Francisco State University, [http://www.ur.umich.edu/update/archives/130530/rogers Dr. Bryan Rogers] and Dr. James Storey created the Conceptual Design program in 1978. The pioneering program attempted to define a relevant education for artists in the technological era."

It was '''one of the first art programs in the United States to move beyond historical media''' and to try to engage the contemporary cultural context.

Storey was an inventor and product design researcher who worked in art education and Rogers was an artist who had a joint MFA and Ph.D. in Engineering from UC Berkeley. Rogers felt that most art programs clung to traditional formats that did not respond to the cultural foment of the scientific and technological worlds and to the innovations of art movements such as the conceptual, electronics, performance, and earth art, which challenged conventional notions.

The program had several important features:

1) '''Emphasis on ideas not media:''' (students were encouraged to work in whatever media served their agendas and to invent new media if necessary) Rigorous sequence of common core courses focused on processes and systems analysis. The sequence was stepped, growing more ambitious in its scope as students moved through the program

2) Attention focused on the latest developments both in '''art and science/technology'''

3) Use of '''geometry as a meta-language and skeleton for inquiries'''

Rogers went on to found the [http://studioforcreativeinquiry.org/ Studio for Creative Inquiry at Carnegie Mellon] and to be Dean of the Art Department at the [http://www.art-design.umich.edu University of Michigan]."

'''Conceptual and Information Arts'''

The Conceptual Design program at SFSU has now been renamed to [http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~swilson/ Conceptual Information Arts or C.I.A.] and was headed in recent years by [http://stevewilsonproject.wikispaces.com/ Dr. Stephen Wilson ]

Conceptual/Information Arts (CIA) is the experimental program within the Art Department at San Francisco State University dedicated to preparing artists and media experimenters to work at the cutting edge of technology. Students learn contemporary digital production skills but they do so in the context of questioning the cultural context of technology and in experimenting with technologies not yet commercially available."

Core Concepts of CIA

"[http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~infoarts/ Conceptual/Information Arts] is an area that continues to evolve. These differentiate Conceptual/Information Arts (CIA) from the customary intermedia, experimental arts approaches.

CIA emphasizes systematic and structured processes of inquiry as an underlying support to the experimental searching at the fringes of the art world. The area has stressed the integration of the rational and the intuitive. Students are expected to learn and use processes of planning and problem solving typical of disciplines outside the arts when appropriate.

CIA encourages students to supercede, question, and challenge traditional notions of what constitutes valid art media, contexts, and approaches. Students are encouraged to bring ideas, materials, and experiences from outside the art world to become focuses for their art. Students are challenged to combine traditional media and to incorporate new media. They are encouraged to follow their ideas and artistic impulses even if they don't take them into traditional validated art directions.

Contemporary science and technology are radically transforming the world. The culture desperately needs artists to address these developments. The program encourages students to become knowledgeable about world views, ideas, and tools of these fields and to incorporate them in a non-superficial way into their art making. Students are expected to achieve expertise in technological areas in which most artists only superficially venture.

Electronic technology and mediated information distribution seem on the surface value-free, but in fact, are causing major shifts in social interaction and the way we perceive ourselves and reality. Artworks generated through digital technology require some knowledge of strategies learned from semiotics, communications studies, and cultural theory for critically understanding technology's impact on culture.

CIA students are interested in art that could be categorized through a wide spectrum. The area supports students to pursue these types of inquiries. Some of the categories include: performance art, interactive events, public art, earthworks, art and architecture, installation, kinetics and robotics, video, intermedia, computer imaging, computer generated conceptual work, telecommunications, sound art, art and science, integration with other disciplines, art and language, conceptual art, guerrilla art, and hopefully activities that defy these categories."

PoSR and Burning Man

2017-04-24T18:35:51Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2013-2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Bold text''''''Burning Man as PoSR: a Dynamic Cultural Structure''' 
Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer 
September 8, 2013

Last night I (@anthropunk) had a discussion with @interdome on Twitter. I'll post it at the end of this piece when I've gathered it, but what I think he was pondering was that non-academic press have a hard time with capturing the Burning Man culture and write that they have captured the culture when they have only partially done so, or captured one aspect of it. He expressed frustration that only single aspects of the culture were captured and written about--even by scholars.

In offering that scholars look at things through their particular lenses, the reply was also that it was a single view and not an integrated perspective. Discussion continued about why that might be so.

The culture of Burning Man can't easily be generalized because Burning Man is a changing cultural structure. Every year, there are different experiences, different burns, different dynamics, and different people at Burning Man, and therefore the cultural dynamic of the event changes every year and from year to year. The broad cultural event of Burning Man may have a year-to-year framework, canonical knowledge and rituals for its physical persistence and like any group that large with many members, the only way to ensure some form of cultural continuity is to distill principles and transmit them, which Larry Harvey (Burning Man founder) did when he wrote the Ten Principles of Burning Man in 2004 as a guideline for regional events that is posted on the Burning Man website under the First-Timer's guide. That's just a tiny part of the cultural guidelines that are documented. There are lists of how tickets work, what to wear, take, how to prepare campsites, whether or not you can take video (you can't), what your theme camps should include (and not), and on and on. Burning Man may not have rules but it has strong guidelines that help to preserve its cultural definition while simultaneously keeping people safe.

That said, people do say that the culture changes. That it wasn't how it used to be. That last year "when they opened up the tickets to others" the dynamics changed. This year people talked a lot about the presence of Silicon Valley's elite, helicoptering in and infusing their culture onto the event. Or even that there is more technology in the form of Internet and computers there than ever was there before and that that somehow is a negative thing.

What people may be missing when they say things like that last bit, is what the technology people are doing at Burning Man. If part of what Burning Man offers, is a blank desert 'canvas backdrop' to create and make art and music and things and experiences, people are going to bring the tools they know to use to make art and music and things and experiences. Coders are going to bring code, tech is going to bring tech, because that is what they do and that is where their creativity and creative tools are.

This is what we mean by a changing cultural structure. It makes sense that the tech people would be starting to show up now with more tools. We've tipped--we're in Forced Compliance now (Applin and Fischer 2011). We need to use the Internet for most things (like it or not) and there are people, whose favored mode of creative expression are through digital tools.

PolySocial Reality (PoSR) is a framework that can be used to describe the multiple layers of networks arising from intercommunications between people, people and machines and machines to machines, and how the structure and layering of those relationships change over time and examine how information flows across these. While PoSR is a framework for describing the network structure and dynamics emerging from these relationships, there are individual separate participant centric viewpoints on PoSR with each communication attempt--and the structure of PoSR overall changes as individuals adapt and adapt to the dynamics changing in the communication from their POV.

This is also true for Burning Man, which has a PoSR-like structure and dynamics. Each year, Burning Man is made up of a collection of people who come together at a particular time in a particular place, interact within existing groups (and networks) and across others. The culture of the event is derived from the composite of culture of these groups for that Burn. To say that each year is the same, after 20+ years of an event, isn't exactly accurate. Culture is dynamic and changes through processes like this, and thus each instance of Burning Man is an instantiation of Burning Man, as well as an instantiation of PoSR networks within an overall structure of relationships that form and dissolve in that place, only to pop-up in a distributed fashion the rest of the year as the event's participants migrate to other parts of the world and interact with other surfaces of a broader PoSR network.

Anthropunk

2017-04-24T18:35:40Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[[File:Anthropunk.jpg]]

Founded by [http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/department/staff/mikeF.html Dr. Michael D. Fischer] and his research students.

Sally is a founding member of [http://www.anthropunk.com/ AnthroPunk]

Sally maintains and posts on Twitter [http://twitter.com/anthropunk @AnthroPunk] and at [http://www.anthropunk.com/sally Sally]

"AnthroPunk - how people promote, manage, resist and endure change; how people hack their lives (and those of others) - living the world not just in it. AnthroPunk is a new label for a number of older ways of conceptualising people and their constructions. Foremost, the individuation of people and their experiences and an explicit recognition that their lives are interactive, not driven by rules, scripts, schemata or frames, but by the creation of these. Context, like culture, is an outcome of human life, not the cause of it. Individual people collectively make the world around them, not only from the materials and ideas available to them but from new materials and ideas they construct. There are limits imposed by materials, but the application of ideas constantly transforms these into new possibilities, and new limits.

AnthroPunk, the label, is itself a transformation of Bruce Bethke's Cyberpunk (1983). The cyberpunk ethos is often described darkly:

''"Anything that can be done to a rat can be done to a human being. And we can do most anything to rats. This is a hard thing to think about, but it's the truth. It won't go away because we cover our eyes. This is cyberpunk." -Bruce Sterling, Cyberpunk in the Nineties''

AnthroPunk is a wee bit more positive, though recognising that Sterling's concerns reflect too many people's experiences. We adopted the term in part because it is a lot less boring than the terms we used before, instantiation, ideation and material construction and because it lets us jettison a lot of ideational baggage from the past, while still building on it. But most particularly, we are concerned with a lot of the same themes as cyberpunk: how people will use and abuse the new possibilities stemming from 'information technology', where the translation of idea to 'reality' is much more immediate and where, in a stroke, many of the constraints of the past are diminished."

The Virtual Museum

2017-04-24T18:35:26Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2017 SALLY A. APPLIN UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Masters' Thesis:''' The Virtual Museum, a collaborative project with Apple Computer's 3D Graphics Group under Dr. Frank Crow.
Sally's contribution formed her Masters' Thesis at NYU/ITP under the category of Production Thesis. This included design, artwork, UX (non-3D), non-3D graphics content development, and some HyperTalk scripting. Sally won the NYU/ITP Departmental Prize for "Excellence in Design Aesthetics" for this work in 1992.

'''Paper:''' The Virtual Museum: Interactive 3D Navigation of a Multimedia Database Gavin Miller1, Eric Hoffert1, Shenchang Eric Chen1, Elizabeth Patterson1, Dean Blackketter1, Steve Rubin1, Sally Ann Applin2, Derrick Yim3, Jim Hanan4

The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation - Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds Volume 3, Issue 3, pages 183–197, July/September 1992

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vis.4340030305/abstract

'''Abstract:''' "The Virtual Museum is an interactive, electronic museum where users can move from room to room, and select any exhibit in a room for more detailed examination. The exhibits in the museum are educational, encompassing topics such as medicine, plant growth, the environment, and space. To facilitate interaction with the museum, a new method for navigating through a prerendered 3D space, and interacting with objects in that space has been developed, called ‘virtual navigation’. Virtual navigation employs real-time video decompression for the display of, and interaction with, high-quality computer animation. In addition, a representation for 3D objects in animated sequences is used which permits pixel-accurate, frame-accurate object picking, so that a viewer can select any 3D object to trigger movement within the 3D space, to examine an exhibit in animated form, or to play a digital movie or soundtrack. The use of precomputed video permits 3D navigation in a realistic-looking space, without requiring special-purpose graphics hardware."

Steampowered Privacy

2017-04-24T18:35:09Z

Sally:

''
'''THIS MATERIAL ©2010-2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''''

Alternative Future: Steampowered Privacy was accepted as a Poster for the Work in Progress: Research on Cyber Security, Trustworthy System and Privacy at "Computers, Freedom, and Privacy in a Networked Society," the 20th annual ACM Comptuters, Freedom and Privacy Conference (CFP 2010)" • June 15-18, 2010, in San Jose, California.

[http://anthropunk.com/xwiki/wiki/anthropunk/view/steampowered/ Alternative Future: Steampowered Privacy Abstract, Poster and Slides] 

[http://www.cfp2010.org/wiki/index.php/Speakers Sally Applin, Speaker Bio CFP 2010]

[http://www.cfp2010.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page About Computers, Freedom and Privacy 2010]

[http://www.cfp2010.org/wiki/index.php/Work_in_Progress Work in Progress: Research on Cyber Security, Trustworthy Systems, and Privacy]

The goal of this session was to explore the theoretical and applied research work related to cyber security, privacy, and trustworthy systems (Financial Infrastructures, Health Infrastructures, Physical Infrastructures). This session will include and discussions of actual system or product implementation, deployment, and lessons learned.

Hidden Cyborgs

2017-04-24T18:34:54Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2010-2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

"Hidden Cyborgs" Talks:

• Cyborg Camp, Portland, October 2010

• @ubistudio Meetup #4, San Francisco, November 2010

== '''Hidden Cyborgs' Video and Transcript'' ==

'''VIDEO'''

Full Length VIdeo: [http://anthropunk.com/Files/CyborgCamp2010SallyApplin519f.mp4 Video Complete Talk: Sally Applin • Hidden Cyborgs • Cyborg Camp]

'''TRANSCRIPT:'''

Sally Applin

Hidden Cyborgs

Cyborg Camp 2010

Portland, OR, October 2010

Sally Applin - TRANSCRIPT

I’m going to talk about my work, which is the relationship between the visible and invisible. And blurred technology between physical and, for lack of a better word, virtual. And mostly what we do in anthropology is study groups of humans and study behavior within those groups.

And a long time ago, you didn’t get to choose what group you were in. You were just born into a group and that was it. And if you wanted to get out, you had to marry somebody or do something really extreme and get thrown out. Now we’re in an age where we can kind of pick what groups we belong to and this is sort of new for humans.

When we talk about cultural lenses, it’s the way that you view any particular group that you’re in. So, these people are wolf-watching, actually, and they all have their lenses focused on the wolf. But if they take their camera in different places or they change lenses when they look at a different scene to photograph something, they’re going to have a different perspective that they’re viewing through. And that’s what we do when we’re in a group and then we move to another group. We’re constantly changing our cultural lenses. We’re not really aware of it, but that’s what we do.

When I was preparing this talk, I was thinking about hidden cyborgs and then I started thinking about cyborgs. It’s like, okay, well, who are cyborgs or what are cyborgs and again, with cultural lenses, there’s lots of different definitions that everybody uses. One is that they’re everywhere, they’re everybody. The other is that, no, no, no, you have to be augmented in some way. You have to wear glasses or use tools or something like that. No, you have to digest some engineering. You have to be—it’s has to be in your body, something that you swallow or are implanted with. And maybe you have to have something that’s visible, preferably over your eye with lots of wires. Like, that’s a cyborg.

Or you could have something over your eye, but really it has to be bionic, and so if you have a prosthesis that’s bionic, that counts for being cyborg. And, depending on the cultural lens, any of these definitions could be …

[colloquy: re: lights and slides]

Sally Applin
Why do you guys care about groups and about cyborgs? How is this going to help you? What it’s going to do for you is, when you understand the way that people hide and are visible within groups, it’ll help you to hide and be visible within groups. Including groups you want to advocate for, if you’re advocating for a certain policy or you have a technology you want to get adopted. Knowing this is going to help you communicate better and understand how groups behave so that you are successful in doing that. And that’s kind of why I’m talking about this.

When I talk about a hidden cyborg, I’m actually talking about both hidden and stealth and they’re sort of different. Hidden is, you just can’t see it. The hardware in Amber’s ankle is completely hidden—do you see it? No. Here she is walking, you don’t see it, right? Completely hidden. Pacemakers are hidden. But an RFID tag can be both hidden and stealth. It’s hidden, but you can also use it for stealth purposes. Cheney technically kind of belongs over there hidden because he has a pacemaker. But he’s so stealthy, I just put him over here, anyway. And the $6 Million Man and the Bionic Woman, very stealth, right? You couldn’t see any augmentation on them and yet they were able to do all these things because of it.

In hiding and stealth, it’s important to pay attention to—well, I’ll give you that [slide] again—why you would hide or be stealth, because it helps you integrate into different groups. And the things that differentiate us between groups is how we mark. And there’s a cyborg now.

Marking is the way that we code how people are like us or not like us in a group. And humans are social and they form groups. And they also differentiate between what is not like the group that I’m in and what is the group like that I’m in.

For cyborg marking, marking is the condition—unmarked is the condition of neutral, it’s the default setting. And marked is what’s different. And, in the past, when people wore glasses, you were just a four-eyes and then it threatened the group, because maybe you’re smarter or maybe you can see better or it challenged people, because you’re different. And as contact lenses came online, contact lenses were about also being able to see, but nobody could see that you could see. And you weren’t called four-eyes, it was a more stealth way to integrate and stay unmarked in your group.

Unmarked, again, it’s the basic default form. Marked is what’s different. And the interesting thing about marking is just like the cultural lenses. Things can be marked in one context and then unmarked in another. And your marking status, depending on what group you’re in, can change over time, too. So maybe, for example, glasses were marked in the past and now they’re unmarked, because people wear them and nobody really pays attention.

In looking at a marking timeline between the past, the near-past, now and then I’m going to look in the future, the near-future and the future, you can see, in the past—is everybody with me on marking and unmarking? Okay.

In the past, glasses were really, really marked. In the near-past, they were kind of moving towards unmarked and contact lenses were really unmarked because you couldn’t see them. But laser surgery was kind of freaky, right? Remember when people were starting to get laser surgery. It was like, Oh, my god, you’re getting laser surgery? Why are you doing that?

But now laser surgery is unmarked because it’s common, people are getting it and also you can’t see the results. And glasses have become unmarked because everybody wears them. But contact lenses are sort of moving back up towards marking because why would you wear contacts if you could get the laser surgery? If you want to be unmarked, just go for it and change your eye.

And now things like, where’s Erin? Like, Erin wearing some recording video glasses, or the man from—there’s another man that’s wearing glasses, too, [to show his 7:23] phone. That’s marked. Out of this whole room of people, two people have these kind of interesting glasses, right? So they’re marked for us.

You can see how things are changing over time, how different technologies change as they’re included or not included in groups. So that’s just now again. In the near future, we’re going to see glasses being marked and contact lenses being marked and laser is starting to get up towards being marked again because, what? You’re not augmented? These are going to be more common. It’ll be unmarked and more acceptable to have an added technology rather than to not have anything or to have something that’s old.

This is not showing up very well. This is the MIT Eye.

Speaker
I was going to wait until you got a stopping point, but you seem to be combining marked, visible and accepted …

Sally Applin
I’ll get to that.

Speaker
Okay.

Sally Applin
It’s coming.

Speaker
Okay.

In the MIT Eye, the MIT Eye has—that’s that implant that’s going to be able to attach to the part of the eye to let blind people be able to see, stimulating through the brain. That’s marked until it becomes usual and maybe everybody’s going to want to just do it and maybe it’ll have a camera and be networked and things. And so what this is sort of showing is really about how things change status between marking and unmarking, depending on where you are in time, what’s available and as people adopt things, how it shifts.

Marking matters for a bunch of reasons. It’s a survival mechanism. If you’re marked in a group, you’re kind of that wounded prey. Does the group want to stay with someone that’s weak and wounded? Will the weak and wounded person pull the group down, if you’re hunting or something like that? And also, when somebody joins a group that’s marked for the rest of the unmarked group, do they have a special advantage? Is their behavior going to be predictable or not? Will they be crazy? How do we know? And that’s why people tend to choose similarities for some of these reasons.

And because groups organize around similarities, that marking can actually be used to determine whether or not you’re hidden or stealth within the group or just part of a group. And it also enables you to understand how to communicate within groups, when you understand what’s marked for them and what’s marked for you or not.

When I talk about cyborgs and marking, [we start] getting to acceptability. When I look at cyborgs, I think about the different kinds of cyborgs. I divided them into four categories. There’s voluntary and involuntary and hidden-invisible.

Hidden and involuntary is like Amber’s ankle. She didn’t mean to fall, it wasn’t her fault and she has to have this technology that’s hidden within her. But what’s voluntary and hidden is she’s swallowing a QR code. So she’s just taking it in because she just wants to swallow that technology and digest it. This is not coming out as bright as I’d like, but this is voluntary-invisible. And in this one, this is Amber texting. So she’s willingly connecting to a network, she was walking through an airport when this photo was taken. So it’s a voluntary visible connection as a cyborg.

There she is in her wheelchair after she hurt her ankle. She’s very visibly a cyborg connected to a machine and it’s involuntary. Again, it wasn’t her fault. She didn’t mean to fall and hurt herself, but there she is standing out, marked in a group because she’s in a wheelchair.

How does this translate to acceptability? When you think about hidden versus visible—and I’m drawing a line right now for kind of modern society, not necessarily this crowd or people that are enthusiastic about technology, I’m just talking about the broad, overall societal expectations of what technology can do right now—having a pacemaker is probably the most acceptable. People have had it for a long time and also you can’t see it. There’s nothing about wearing a pacemaker that identifies someone as having to—they chose to do it. It’s not their fault. They either have one or they don’t live. So it’s an involuntary technology. You can’t blame someone for having a pacemaker.

The second probably most accepted technology that’s unmarked is voluntary, but hidden. This is when you do something to yourself that no one else can see. So, for example, this is a diagram of an implant that helps with OCD. It triggers stimulation in the brain to change behavior with OCD, but it’s absolutely embedded. No one can see that.

Now, the interesting thing about this category for being unmarked is it’s accepted and unmarked because it doesn’t create any difference at all, until—it’s stealth, this is stealth over here—until you tell somebody, or they find out. And then, when they find out that you’ve willingly augmented yourself, when you didn’t need to, when it wasn’t involuntary, then you’re down here, in a voluntary-visible category, which has very different acceptance right now.

The third category is a marked category. Again, this is like Amber in the wheelchair. This is Oscar. I put in a cat for Max. And it has, he has his bionic legs. And he’s marked because we can see his augmentation. But we also can’t assign any blame to him—not his fault what happened to him. Again, it’s visible, but we’re willing to make a concession to him as an injured party being part of our unmarked culture, because it wasn’t his fault.

The fourth category in terms of voluntary-visible are when people just voluntarily do stuff to augment that’s really, really visible. And that’s a harder thing right now, because the society isn’t at the moment conditioned to really understand and accept these differences, because of the way that we’re unmarked as a culture or the groups that we are. And this is the one that’s probably the least accepted at the moment, although in the future, this may be the most accepted and these things may all change places.

I’m going to talk a little bit about some of the cyborg technologies that can change the way we mark and hide. This one I particularly like. I don’t know if you know about the Otologics hearing aid. This is an embedded hearing aid that people have implanted in their skulls to be able to hear better. They can swim and do everything with it. The trials are going on Europe, it’s not in the U.S., and the company was very kind to share their slides with me.

The thing that’s very interesting about this technology is actually in the trials people can’t hear as well as they can with a regular hearing aid. And yet they still want this technology. Which is a really powerful force for wanting to be accepted, to be unmarked within a group.

Because it’s a technical crowd, I actually brought the slide up that shows all the pieces of how it works so that you all can enjoy learning about its cyborg-ness. I can’t explain all of it, how it goes together, but that shows you more about it. And it’s otologics.com. They don’t have a lot on their site, but this is what I got from them.

Speaker
[unintelligible] pressing against the bone, is that how it…?

Sally Applin
It’s implanted, so.

Speaker
And, on the implant, is it resting against the bone? How do they…”

Sally Applin
I don’t know. I’m sorry, I don’t know. I can ask, though, I’m happy to share my contact with you, if you want to ask him

The thing that’s interesting about this is, that’s a hidden, voluntary technology, right? That’s stealth. But also, to charge it, the battery lasts 20 years, but to charge it, they have to charge it 30 minutes once a day. And to do that, they have to stick a magnet onto their head where it is and then walk around with the battery pack for 30 minutes. Or stay at home or something. But it’s a really interesting way to play with this marked and unmarked, because they put it on, they’re marked. They take it off, they’re unmarked. But inside themselves, they’re hidden, anyway.

It’s just very interesting how they blend between—they can blend between worlds depending on—or, between groups, depending on which way they’re going, if they’re charging or not.

That’s kind of a blended one and this is one that’s just super-hidden and it’s just starting. I don’t know if you all have followed this research or know that much about it. I just found it and I thought it was just incredible. So, they’re predicting—they can put cells into, they can put transistors into cells now and they’re predicting they’ll be able to put 2500 in them by the year 2020. And what means is how are we going to be able to control ourselves at the cellular level. And that’s really hidden and really stealth and very interesting.

This is super-text-y, but I thought it was worth it to talk about their research. In implanting these things, they found they could keep the cell healthy and put these transistors in and seven days later 90% of the cells are still healthy. So they’re starting to speculate, what can we do with this? How can we change the way cells are functioning and how can we change the way we can make sensors and things? So people with the biology background might find this really a very interesting area to start learning about.

When we start doing this, we kind of get into policy. What’s happening if certain countries are doing this and we’re not? And certain other people are putting stuff in but they’re not telling us and they’re coming, they can be more stealth or hide or we want to do some technology and no one else wants to do it? And the thing about policy with markers is, just like with the glasses and all the vision things that we saw, policy and markers change together over time. When technologies come out, sometimes they’re sort of outrageous, it’s the Wild West, there’s new stuff, everybody’s using it, like we saw with the cellphone. And then all of a sudden people say, We must regulate this. And so they create these policies to regulate it. And the policy’s usually affecting what’s marked, what’s standing out. And once that marked stuff comes back into the culture as unmarked, then the policy shifts to the next thing that’s marked to pay attention to.

Policy is very controversial. So we talk about policy with the pervasiveness of cyborgism. How do you advocate? How do you decide that what’s involuntary and hidden or visible, why is that a priority? Is it because it’s involuntary, versus people that want to choose to become cyborgs in some way? Like, why is that okay or not? And so it’s going to start changing the way that we advocate and talk about our policy. And if we understand how to approach the policymakers who are not marked or unmarked for what we’re after, to sort of help us negotiate that realm.

Why should you care about all this? Why does this matter to this community of people that are developing cyborg technology or that are interested in it? As I said, understanding the context really does help and also if you’re creating a technology, you can understand that, right now, if you’re going to create a visible, voluntary technology, it’s not going to have as much widespread success, perhaps, as if you did something that was stealth or hidden or hidden and involuntary versus—or involuntary and visible. That, where the culture is now, between hiding and visible, there’s a certain acceptance that you might not get for your technology if you decide to do something that’s in a more, less acceptable category. And being able to be aware of what’s marked and unmarked gives you clues about how to move your technology through a culture.

The other reason why you should care is because you’re the hidden cyborg. In every culture and every group that you’re in, you’re marked, you’re unmarked, you’re visible, you’re hidden. Depending on where you go and what context you go between, it shifts the way that you are as a person and how you’re accepted or not accepted. And that’s really useful to know and play with.

It also gets to being able to do that and understand it, it’s really going to help your negotiation and development, as I said earlier. And it will help you to find places with other people that you might not usually play with to be able to play with, to create even a stronger advocacy or stronger product or technology.

Oops. And that’s all of us. And that’s me. Thank you.

'''Q&A''' TRANSCRIPT

I left a bunch of time for my talk because I thought maybe people would be interested in talking and this is a group of experts and I … I know certain things, but I don’t know others and I thought we could kind of learn from each other, if anyone wanted to have a discussion about this. I can bring up the policy slide.

Does anyone have any questions?

Speaker
One of the things that I expected you to talk about that you didn’t, kind of, was that the practice of self-marking to identify with groups. Is that called something besides “marking”?

Sally Applin
Marking is the way to … marking theory comes from linguistics and it’s really the way to talk about what differentiates from the default. So it’s not literally that you mark, it’s just that the idea of being marked versus default is that category. So, self-marking would be, would go in the voluntary category, which would either be hidden or visible, depending on what someone decided to do.

And to do that, yeah, it would reinforce joining—it would reinforce joining a group that you’d want to belong to and you’d want to become unmarked in. Does that answer your question?

Speaker
Yes.

Sally Applin
Okay.

Speaker
How do you define voluntary versus involuntary?

Sally Applin
Well, my advisor and I were talking about this, because I wasn’t sure, either. And I thought, well, there’s some times when people need something cyborg or need some engineering help to help them exist and live. Versus they don’t really need it. So that’s how we define it. Involuntary is, if you don’t do this, you’ll lower your quality of life, you’ll—like a cat, if they don’t have their legs, it’s very hard for them.

Speaker
[unintelligible] situation as opposed to how you, how the situation actually is?

Speaker
Yes.

Speaker
Isn’t it how others perceive the situation instead of how the situation actually is?

Sally Applin
I chose to do it in terms of, with defining marking, it’s how it is with that, what that situation is. If all cats have four functioning legs and a cat has two artificial legs, that cat is marked. And it’s involuntary, because the cat couldn’t decide whether or not it wanted legs, someone put legs in it.

So, for marking, that’s the example. But for voluntary and involuntary—involuntary is you don’t choose to do it. If the government says we’re going to RFID all of you and it’s not a choice, that’s an involuntary augmentation.

Speaker
[unintelligible] one more quick question. Is it the person who is making the change decides whether it’s involuntary or voluntary? Or is it the person who’s perceiving them as marked to decide if it’s involuntary or voluntary?

Sally Applin
It’s the person that makes the change.

Speaker
Okay.

Sally Applin
But some people—like, for example, if you have an unconscious, if someone’s wounded and unconscious and the only thing that will save them is a pacemaker …

Speaker
Sure. I’m thinking like transgender people.

Sally Applin
Yeah. So specifically, I was going for—you mean, using an augmentation to transgender?

Speaker
Sure.

Sally Applin
Okay. So, that’s voluntary, but it’s also involuntary in terms of their…that’s like on the fence between hidden and stealth. It’s on the fence between voluntary and involuntary. Because they have an internal process that is involuntary, let’s say. I don’t know a lot about the transgender community, but I would say they have an internal process that makes them want to change. And yet they’re volunteering to pursue that change in a—it’s like a hardware/software case.

Speaker
[unintelligible]…about who is the one who decided.

Sally Applin
The person who’s consciously making the decision is, unless you’re a cat. I don’t mean that in a glib way, but...

Speaker
[I thought] marking was what a group of people do to each other as opposed to what you do to self.

Sally Applin
So, you do.

Speaker
You stand out by doing something that changes from the default. But it’s still something that’s perceived by the other people.

Sally Applin
It’s kind of both. Like, I’m standing up and, for the most case, there’s some people that are leaning. But I’m standing up and everyone’s sitting down. So in the group of people that are sitting down, I’m marked. But if I sit down and you all stand up, I’m still marked, but if I sit down and we’re all there, then I’m unmarked. Does that answer your question?

Speaker
[unintelligible] the transgender thing, also. What about like the deaf community and now there are some … there’s a specific deafness where you can have surgery for it. What if your parents decide to augment [you], child, and then your community rejects you because you’re [unintelligible]. Like, the reverse. What would you call that?

Sally Applin
So, if you’re a child and your…if you’re a child living in a hearing family and you don’t have hearing and you’re marked in your family. So the family decides to unmark you by giving you the surgery so you can hear. And then you now, unless you’re stealth and you don’t talk when you’re in your deaf community except through the traditional [change], you are either stealth and unmarked in the deaf community, or you are marked because you are augmented and you’re a hearing person within that community. And that’s how those lenses shift. Does that…?

Speaker
So what if you’re … you were born into a deaf community and your family augments…?

Sally Applin
Then that’s involuntary, right?

Speaker
Right.

Sally Applin
Yeah. Because it’s involuntary, too—again, that’s policy. It’s involuntary because you’re a child, you’re under 18, parents have jurisdiction over bodies at a certain age and that kind of thing. And that’s why policy is really important to learn to advocate for these things.

Speaker
I’m wondering about where things are at right now with prosthetics and voluntary—I haven’t done research on this in a long time, but the last time I did, you couldn’t dismember yourself in order to gain a prosthetic limb, because the doctor who had done so would lose their license and you would probably be institutionalized?

Sally Applin
Yes.

Speaker
Is that still the case? Where’s the policy?

Sally Applin
I don’t know where the policy is right now. I know that they’re pushing it because when I was looking around for different things to use in the talk, there’s people that are embedded spikes under their skin so you see the bumps, but not the spikes. And people obviously are chipping themselves and putting things in their hands and somebody has to do that, surgically.

But that’s different than…there’s some really interesting thing in the culture now that it’s okay to have stuff stuck on you and it’s okay to have stuff drawn on you or put through you. But if you put things through or stick stuff on you and there’s wires connected to it—and we’re getting better, because of iPads and iPhones and stuff like that, or, sorry, iPods and stuff like that—there’s still this—there’s this really weird creeped-out factor between hooking electronics and being embedded. And doing something like severe, like cutting off a limb or something like that—I don’t think that the policy’s there to do that.

Now, it might change with the new runners and their new legs, we might evolve in the way future to everybody voluntarily doing that. Does that answer your question? Like, that’s how all this stuff changes over time and policy sort of ... follows along.

Speaker
[unintelligible]

Sally Applin
Yeah, but we have an option, too, if you understand this stuff, to be better activists. It helps to be better activists.

Speaker
So you can’t actively dismember yourself, but if you were accidently dismembered…?

Sally Applin
Yeah.

Speaker
And it’s what people who have the weird brain thing where they think that they’re amputees and really have…

Speaker
Right, yeah.

Speaker
…they have to force an accident on themselves.

Speaker
Right. I read this article about a man who had a motorcycle accident and he lost part of his finger, he had a [unintelligible]. So is that—that’s not the same, though.

Speaker
That’s not on purpose.

Speaker
Right, but [unintelligible].

Speaker
No, it was actual…

Speaker
Accident?

Speaker
…you know, will ask the surgeon to remove a body part.

Sally Applin
Because they’re supposed to do no harm. They promised to do no harm. And what is harm and is what harm is going to change? Harm is marked right now. And so if that changes—if we change we all want harm to be more evolved humans and that’s unmarked, then it might be do more harm. Or do more good and good is cutting limbs off and augmenting. And that’s…

Speaker
[unintelligible]

Sally Applin
The point of my talk really, too, is to share with you how we identify in groups and to be able to understand that this stuff changes over time and depends on context. And you can use those tools in hacking way to further whatever causes you’re working on in a cyber community that you care about.

Speaker
I’m thinking about all the high schoolers, the permanent little ear bud, headphones all the time and you see the studies that are going on their hearing, because the iPod usage and … Or these, like a girl just got hit by a train again crossing train tracks with their ear buds in. And I’m wondering what your opinion is of how people are changing their natural body by using technology? Basically shifting—so, at a young age, they’re destroying their hearing and then how do you see that manifesting in the future? Do you think …

Sally Applin
They’re going to get hit by more cars.

Speaker
…or hearing aids, like—I’m just being [unintelligible].

Sally Applin
Well, again, it goes back to the hearing discussion. Right now, having that kind of hearing damage is, it’s hidden, for the most part. It only shows up when people start to talk, but just to look at someone—I mean, we’re visual first. So, if you’re in a group and you look at someone, you won’t know that they have that significant hearing loss.

There’s going to be a group of people, a whole cohort of young people that are going to suffer hearing loss. And hearing loss I think tends to show up later, so they’ll do damage now, but it’ll show up later. And that’s going to be kind of interesting. Maybe that’s why they’re pushing these implants, because they’ll know that there’s a group coming up that will want to do that and then that will be more common.

The stuff that I study is about how—it’s kind of how we hack culture. Like, we don’t just receive culture. We’re constantly making it and reinventing it and changing it as we move through different groups. And people are making decisions to do things to their bodies that impact whether or not they belong, whether or not they can fix it and that, in a small way, just as individuals might not matter just for them, but the aggregate of any of these small changes, it causes these really big waves. So we’ll just see … and that shifts really big waves of what’s marked and unmarked and we’ll see that coming up.

So I hope that answered you.

Speaker
Sure.

Sally Applin
Okay.

End of audio

IoT - Internet of Things

2017-04-24T18:34:37Z

Sally:

== '''IoT O'Reilly Solid' - Transcript'' ==

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2013-2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Sally Applin and Michael D. Fischer,[http://solidcon.com/internet-of-things-2015/public/schedule/speaker/78722 Thing Theory: Making Sense of IoT Complexity] O'Reilly Solid, San Francisco, June 23, 2015

'''TRANSCRIPT:'''

Sally Applin

Thing Theory: Making Sense of IoT Complexity

O'Reilly Solid, June 23, 2015

I’m Sally Applin. I’m a Doctoral Candidate at the University of Kent in Canterbury in Anthropology (with Technology) and this talk is about making sense of IoT complexity with something we’re calling Thing theory. I tweet as @AnthroPunk.

This talk is about how and why to develop and apply trusted technology to manage relationships between people and IoT technologies. As we’re building all these technologies we’re also going to have to interface with people and a legacy of systems in the physical world and we need to figure out how to do that. We also need to understand agency, which I’ll explain, and cooperation and sociability, outcome from these complex information flows (which we call [http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality]), and the design problem of heterogeneity. Lots of different systems, lots of different options. And Thing theory is one approach that we have towards resolving this.

Heterogeneous is just an idea that things are mixed up. That there are dissimilar or diverse ingredients. Heterogeneity is great, we like it, keeps our species diverse, keeps us robust. But it also can create problems if things are too heterogeneous that they don’t have enough commonality. Then there’s nothing to share or have in common. That can be a problem if it keeps people from interacting.

In the IoT, not everyone is going to have the same hardware or software. We saw this with mobile quite a bit, right? We’re seeing people with devices that are configured differently, different apps, different locations, different networks, and it causes a problem if not everyone has the same device or the same capabilities that were fragmented.

Sociability is the tradeoffs people make to cooperate. If you don’t hear anything else I say today, '''this is the most important thing: that some yielding on all parties is required for cooperation.''' If you have people that are absolutely steadfast in their opinions and they won’t yield in any way, there’s no way to cooperate. There’s no way to share information. So people and systems have to yield to be able to create cooperation to get to the goal of making things.

Designing for the IoT is designing for heterogeneity, sociability, and agency. Agency is our ability to select choices from options. And sometimes we select choices that are outside of agreed options. In this case, people are going through an intersection and they both decided to take agency. They weren’t taking the same agency, and they collided and they stopped. We don’t want that to happen with our IoT technology.

Agency is the capacity to make these non-deterministic choices from the set of options. Depending on how we can exercise options really has to do with our skill level. We may see a lot of possibility and a lot of options, but we might not be able to actually exercise them, because we don’t have the skill. Usually we can see more options than we’re actually skilled to be able to choose and enact. But technology might be able to help us do that and that’s why we like the technology for the IoT is it can create more options for us which gives us more choices. It kind of empowers us.

If we think of agency as a ratio of choices to options, sometimes agency will be predictable. If you have a friend that you know that knows you really well, sometimes you can shortcut deeper explanations in conversation because they just know you and you’re able to just kind of nod and move to the next thing. And that might be based on your culture, your social frames, your relationship. But more complex situations don’t always have that foundation. It’s not as simple as making a simple menu choice or making a simple interaction. Some of these choices require preparation and social activity to derive that context where that choice is available.

Cooperation is something that’s really required with the IoT and, as you know, with interoperability, cooperation is really important. When we look at this slide, we’re looking at a road space. That road space and the wind towers? Those are the result of a massive amount of the legacy of human cooperation over many, many years. People came together to build all the industries and all the systems that make that work. That’s engineering, civil engineering, asphalt, mining, design, regulation, all of it. With that network, we’re able to do things. We have different goods and services delivered. We are able to—it’s changed the way we do agriculture. Having roads and having technology that cooperated and created this legacy system as these people worked together enables us to do stuff. We need to do stuff for our survival.

To cooperate, we have to share information. We have to share information. Remember, if you don’t yield, there’s no way to share information. If we don’t share information, there’s no way to cooperate. Cooperation is very social. The active sharing is a tradeoff, a give-and-take, a trusted environment.

Shared experience is social. Remember I was talking about how if you have a friend and they know you? If you have a shared experience, that’s a shortcut to having a commonality that gives you a base for creating a social experience and creating cooperation.

Agency and trust are required for sociability. The foundation of what makes people social and what makes a social relationship is when people come together, they form a sort of a social contract. We have one here. I agreed to come and talk and you came to listen and maybe ask questions or think about things and maybe you’ll teach me things, too. But we have this engagement. At any time any one of us could take free agency. I could get up and leave. You could get up and leave. We could do other things.

What makes us social is the ability to choose to have the social contract to engage with one another. And the effect of cooperative social relationships depends on how well we trust each other. We have a little trust here. You trust I’ll speak and I trust you’ll be there and that’s how this works.

In exchange, we both get interesting knowledge. I might tell you something that might be useful for you. In questions or after, you might tell me something that’s useful for me. We help each other to have extra knowledge. That’s how social experience and cooperation helps us. We can share knowledge and we’re both better off.

People expect the IoT to—I think people expect the IoT to integrate with their devices. I don’t think they’re expecting that it’s not going to work that way. One of the things that I’m quite concerned about is when we have automation and we have processes and scripts that are very strict and are unyielding, people become afraid of them taking over and losing their agency and losing their ability to make decisions for themselves. That’s important.

When we see people and mobile devices we may think that they’re siloed, that they’re actually looking at their own thing that’s not related to the local locale at all. But in fact they’re actually being very social, just not in the local locale. We care a lot about this because the local locale is where the IoT is, right? We're at SOLID, we’re the Internet of Things, we’re connecting back to the local locale. When we have a community of people that are connected and we don’t know who they’re connected to or where they’re connected—are they connected remotely to, they’re cooperating with someone really far away? Or are they connected next to each other? We don’t know. The local locale becomes really important.

In this case, in this slide, we’re talking about, when we see people looking at devices, one of the things we also cannot assume is that they are doing single tasks, that their devices are doing single tasks, and that the cloud behind their devices is doing a single task. We look at human-human, human-machine, and machine-to-machine communication and it’s all going on at the same time.

People are using different filters, different social media, different applications to help corral and control some of that. But those systems are actually message generators, too, so they create new messages in a different way.

We call this [http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality]. And what [http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality] actually is is that we’re modeling the whole communication space. We’re modeling our social interaction today, we’re modeling analog and digital communication, we’re modeling—it’s the idea that everything lives within this umbrella of messages that are multiplexed, multiple, synchronous and asynchronous. It’s happening all the time. But the other thing that’s going on is there’s these dynamic bursts that come up. Different configurations of communication create different dynamic structures within [http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality] that recede and then new ones come up. And being aware that this is going on is really important. When you think about heterogeneity, do you think about messages that your devices are going to be communicating?

[http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality] is a communications model of these dynamic relational structures that may or may not result in understood communication. This is really important. If you have a situation where people are using their devices, and we see this with mobile, the communication may or may not connect. It might not be synchronous. It might be a little synchronous. It might be completely asynchronous. What we’re seeing, with mobile, that people are taking advantage of this and starting to use their time asynchronously. They’re connecting when it’s convenient for them. Remember I talked about “not yielding”? So people are using the mobile device and the capabilities it’s afforded them to be able to communicate when they want, through whatever channel they want, to who they want. So some common knowledge and common shared experience in the environment is getting left out.

In doing so, there’s an assumption that the recipient is actually going to get those messages and that doesn’t always happen. There’s a case of people that empty their inbox and just say, oh, well, I think that they’ll just write back. If it’s really important, they’ll write back. A lot of messages get missed. And if you miss messages and don’t have enough overlap, if it’s critical, then there’s a lot of trouble that happens in terms of communication that affects us in our physical environment.

When environments are social, because of that agency, there can be that fragmentation but there also could be cooperation and it’s not an either/or, it just depends on situations and context. So it’s stretchy and we need to remember that.

Looking at this slide, we can see that [http://www.posr.org PoSR] has this complex interactive environment. This is one, tiny slice of mobile use and we all know what we see with people using devices. They’re walking into things or missing messages or getting too many ourselves and not being sure how to control them. This is just like one little bit.

[http://www.posr.org PoSR] emerges when people are doing things and making these messages, because they actually want to maintain relationships. They want to connect to other people. They’re trying to solve a problem. Trying to cooperate, access different information, and try to connect with one another, to maintain their relationships. Because they actually want to have that shared experience and connection. But it’s not necessarily going on in the local locale and that’s kind of the problem with part of that is that the cognition’s happening in different places.

[http://www.posr.org PoSR] is modeling and representing these multiple relative viewpoints, these dynamic relative viewpoints that show up in relation to each other. It’s describing the structure of fragmentation and multiplexing and individuation that can happen, but also this connection and cooperation that’s all happening simultaneously.

It’s going to get more complex. We have AR, which is another layer that’s going to be added to mobile devices and the IoT, what we’ll have augmented reality, so people are looking at different messages and not everyone’s using augmented reality. That’s another heterogeneity piece. VR has a different interaction model. Even AR’s a little more social, whereas people add glasses, they can still see things. But once you seal things up, remove people, put them on the network, that’s even more heterogeneous.

If we have—I had put “40” in the abstract, but 30 to 80 billion IoT devices in five years, and that’s just the devices, that’s not the messages that the devices are creating, something that we should solve.

Our goal for the IoT is, let’s not increase the complexity.

Messages need that coordinated process because if we don’t coordinate the process of messages and receiving, we don’t receive the messages. If we don’t receive the messages, things can happen. Bad things. Like boats driving through bridges because they didn’t realize the bridge was closed or the bridge was the wrong size or they were looking at their cellphone.

Knowing human needs, as I said earlier, helps to coordinate many messages because you can shortcut through shared experience. We think that [http://www.posr.org PolySocial Reality (PoSR)] with the IoT is helpful because because of the complexity, developers can use the idea of [http://www.posr.org PoSR], could use the understanding that there is this dynamic relational structure that does change the way people use time and space to help them develop agents to manage that in a better way.

Agents are required to do things like mediate communication. So they can help if messages aren’t connecting. They can be aware of that and figure out how to help that. Agents can invoke agency entrusted context, so they can seek and gather information and then, if they need to share it, if they need it to negotiate with another agent in a trusted environment, they can do that on someone’s behalf.

Thing Theory. [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Thing Theory] is our suggestion of where we might go towards organizing this. If you’re not familiar, Charles Addams wrote a cartoon called “The Addams Family.” It was a macabre, Gothic family. And they had what they called a Family, Friend and Retainer that worked as sort of in a servant capacity. And it lived in a series of tabletop boxes throughout their environment, or wherever they happened to be. Thing is a disembodied hand that would just show up in context and do things.

As an agent model, we like Thing. And we think Thing—if you think like Thing, it might help manage these multiplexed communications, because remember, the goal is actually to design for the heterogeneity and to figure out how to make agency-based systems that are useful and unobtrusive.

Thing listens and follows directions. It changes location. It anticipates needs. It takes action by offering solutions. It assists with tasks. It communicates information and uses knowledge that it’s built up. And it offers continued communication. Here it is listening and following directions:

'''Clip of Thing and Gomez in Living Room:'''

[Thing is scratching Gomez's back in the living room from its box in the living room with a hand-shaped back scratcher.]

''GOMEZ: A little higher and to the right, Thing. Yes. That’s it. Thank you, Thing.''

I have a couple of these to go through. Here it is listening and following directions, but changing location, anticipating needs and taking action by offering some solutions.

'''Clip of Thing and Morticia in the Greenhouse:'''

[Morticia is crying in the Greenhouse and Thing comes out of it's box in the Greenhouse offers her a handkerchief.]

MORTICIA: ''Thank you, Thing! I’m sorry I made a spectacle of myself, Thing, but my world is come down around my ears. There’s another woman. It’s true, there is. I knew you’d be blasé about it. You’ve never been married. Or have you?''

[Thing gives a 'thumbs down' gesture]

MORTICIA: Thing, what am I going to do?

[Thing makes a fist and we hear a hitting sound.]

MORTICIA: Oh, no, no violence. I wouldn’t care for it.

[Thing makes a scratching gesture and we hear a scratching sound.]

MORTICIA: No eye scratching.

[Thing makes a yanking gesture and we hear a pulling sound.]

MORTICIA: Nor hair pulling. Thank you, anyway, Thing.

MORTICIA: Thing? Wish me luck.

[Thing crosses its fingers.]

MORTICIA: Thank you, Thing. You’re a true friend.''

And Thing also can assist with tasks.

'''Clip of Thing and Uncle Fester in the Living Room'''
[Uncle Fester is dictating a letter to Thing in the living room, who is writing it down from one of its boxes in the living room with a quill and ink on paper.]

UNCLE FESTER: ''I can truthfully say I have never let breeding, social position or looks go to my head. I am looking forward to meeting someone of the opposite sex with these same qualities. Signed, Modesty.''

[Thing hands Uncle Fester the writing and Uncle Fester reads it.}

UNCLE FESTER: ''Excellent. You have a very delicate handwriting. Thank you, Thing.''

And Thing communicates information, uses knowledge and here it is, offering different solutions.

'''Clip of Gomez, a guest, Puglsy, Thing and Morticia in the Living Room'''
[A guest has fainted on the living room sofa and Gomez is trying to revive her.]

GOMEZ: ''There she goes again.''

[Pugsly comes by with a toad.]

GOMEZ: ''Pugsly get that toad out of here. Once you take a toad out here, things like this upset him. She’s obviously not a well person. Quick, someone get a glass of water.''

[Thing's box in the living room by the sofa opens and he hands Gomez a glass of water.] Thank you, Thing. [The fainted woman awakes sees Thing and faints again.]

GOMEZ: ''There she goes again.''

MORTICA: [enters] ''What’s all the commotion, Gomez?''

GOMEZ: ''Fred Waters sent us a fainter.''

MORTICIA: ''Well, maybe you better get her some smelling salts.''

[Thing's box opens and he hands Morticia a bottle of smelling salts.]

MORTICIA: ''Thank you, Thing.''

Thing offers continued communication. This next example is actually pretty interesting, because at one point it offers an option that will create more options and we’re interested in that, because that increases agency and increases capabilities.

'''Clip of Thing and Wednesday in the Entry Hall'''
[Wednesday is looking for Lurch in the front entry hall.]

WEDNESDAY: ''Lurch, Lurch, where are you?''

[Thing comes out of its box in the front entry hall and points to another room.]

WEDNESDAY: ''The playroom? It isn’t nice to tattle, Thing, but thank you, anyways.''

[In the playroom]

WEDNESDAY: ''Lurch? Where are you, Lurch? It’s me, Wednesday. Do you hear me?''

[Thing makes a knocking sound and opens its box in the playroom, pointing out Lurch's hiding place to Wednesday.]

WEDNESDAY: [whispers] ''Thank you, Thing.''

Lurch actually needs to change his preferences with the Thing agent so it won’t rat him out. Or it will after he gets enough time to hide.

Thing as an agent model is interesting, because it’s location-ware, with multiple location access points. It senses needs in multiple locations. It responds to needs with action, it takes action. It works as a data store, so it builds long relationships over time and stores that information and learns, because it’s a trusted environment. In doing so, it can expand the agency of network members by offering choices they might not consider or its capabilities to synthesize things enables them to have those extra capabilities, which I talked about earlier.

A Thing-agent is what we call, in our model of Thing Theory, what we call our agent, and it transforms this complex jumble of services into the successful technological context, because it manages both the technology and the human relationships. It enables humans to have as much agency as possible in an IoT environment. Remember, we’re concerned about scripts and processes restricting choice and options for humans.

[http://www.posr.org PoSR] is a given. It just is. It motivates us in our research to look for gaps. We’re looking at those gaps in how information is distributed. When these dynamic structures emerge, what are we seeing that’s missing, that’s not synchronous, how is behavior affecting that? The system that we advocate for should be flexible enough to accommodate both people and the choices and options they want to make, away from something stricter and more of a decision tree.

We also think that the system should politely and faithfully, in a trusted environment, serve users. But it also needs to have its own agency to do the jobs of managing things that it needs to do and facilitate system functions.

A typical IoT application system is a discrete system. There are sensors and actuators, micro-controllers—it might look something like this. And our Thing-agent manages that. It manages one or more hardware components. And these components register themselves with Thing. If they don’t, Thing has network access and it can look up information about what’s connected to it to understand it. Thing can manage components’ external data and Internet access. Thing is managing the information collection of these devices.

Thing-agents work with other Thing-agents or other meta agents that are not part of the Thing system. There are going to be plenty of vendors and ideas about how to manage things in a meta way and they’re going to need to negotiate with each other, because that’s a lot of heterogeneity between devices and vendors, as well. We’re trying to encourage the people that are building these systems to consider sociability so that agency can be preserved and information can be shared and cooperation can happen.

Using this information from components, Things can share information without betraying the trust of the relationship, of the user if it needs to for certain functionality. We’re looking at things with Thing Theory—we’re looking at the autonomous vehicle instantiation. How are cars on the road social with one another to negotiate movement and so forth?

A Thing-agent is a manager and a participant in the network simultaneously, and its roles are to manage components and Thing agent relationships and to manage relationships with people. It’s paying attention to the system of components, but it’s also keeping and understanding and building a relationship with the people in the environment over time.

A Thing-agent has some principles. It’s a meta agent. It operates over an entire context. Its capabilities are based on what is connected to it. Its ability to extend, its ability to have capabilities is limited by what’s available at a sub-component level for it. It must be context-aware. It has to be able to identify different capabilities in different contexts and to select the most appropriate ones to offer as options and choices. Thing it works with other meta agents. It helps expand their capabilities, too. Just like when we come together, if we teach each other things, we both leave enriched, those agents can work together to exchange information and exchange permissions to help each other out in an interoperability way.

To think like a Thing agent, build up a composite pieces and see how they connect together. Thing needs to function without instruction at a low level and discover the relationships within the environment. Thing has to manage all those messages and manage the relationships around those messages.

Be context-aware. What you’re making in the IoT has a context. It has context in an environment and that context helps with figuring out what options and choices are available. Offer many choices. This is really important because, with agency, what we see in some of our writing on scripts and processes, which is at posr.org in our publications, we look at this. We look at the constraining and brittleness of systems that are—where the processes are too refined, too pre-decided. And in funneling people through limited choice, it’s really easy to program, or it’s easier to program, but it limits people’s ability for what they can choose. This is worrying for us as an aggregate of our population.

Offer choices and offer choices that give people even more choices. Which is opening options. Open options so that people have much more ability to discover and supply knowledge and skill through an assistance of a capability that they didn’t know that they could have. Because technology can do that really well. The technology can open these options and, because it has processed some things in the background that the human couldn’t do, it enables them to make some other choices.

Remember, people are expecting cooperation and interoperability and we have to address that, especially when we’re having mobile AR, VR, wearables, IoT, things connected, civic systems—could be a really interesting IoT.

Our Thing agent must interface to user agents—that’s people and others. It can interface between multiple IoT environments that may be using and supporting the same location or a different location. If I go somewhere and I bring my Thing with me, my Thing-agent with me, it could help negotiate with the system that I move in, to change the temperature or do the things that might need it to do. Thing serves at a minimum to inform users and user agents of capabilities of the IoT in terms that make sense to the people and other things interacting at a higher level in the interface.

How do we do it? Well, we suggest and what we’d like to do, what we’re trying, is implementing Thing Theory as a simulation. Not simulating it and then building it, but keeping the simulation as part of the programming environment, part of the operating environment. It simulates [http://www.posr.org PoSR] and gives the Thing-agent the ability to forecast, communicate and repair emergent structure issues as they come up. If you have an instance of a deontic logic structure and there’s something that you know is not connecting, maybe there’s a different way to address that through a fast simulation before actually giving an option or a choice. Simulation improves the probability of a smoother operation and coordination with humans, but it’s built in.

It also gives true agency to components or things that need it because it doesn’t always have to be a master-slave relationship. It could be a relationship where components do what’s required and provide information as needed.

This is the part of the talk where I’m repeating things that Mike and I talked about and wrote from our paper and he is much more gifted in the logic but I am giving you this information because this is sort of the key to how we are approaching this problem.

Simulation requires this approach to modeling that can deal with potentiality as well as action. Deontic logic has been the choice of logic for what we’re doing. It includes these modal operators and has been demonstrated to be a useful basis for constructing models for sensitive, real-time, time and location-aware interactions between agents of different types. That’s exactly what the IoT needs, with heterogeneity and multiple messages and integrating people’s phones. The simulation is making it easier to introduce new agents, as well, and new conditions and new outcomes into the model.

The two papers that we have used for this deontic logic are Castro and Maibaum. They present a logic that’s suitable for representing interrelations between agents of different types, including agents that have agency, and it’s extended a treatment of representing reasoning with agency. Dong and Li as well. Castro and Maibaum is 2007 and Dong and Li is 2013. They look at axiomatic, algebraic formulation of that logic that’s likely to be useful. An advantage of modeling with this logic is that it’s easy to introduce new agents and new conditions and new outcomes, and those are all the things that we’ll be subjected to with the IoT.

Again, heterogeneity, sociability, and agency. We have diverse things—diverse hardware, diverse software, diverse apps, diverse people, diverse cultures, diverse time, diverse space, diverse management of time. Designing for the IoT has to take into account all of this and also figuring out how not only we as people are going to be made to be social, but how we’re going to design sociability for these devices and their outcomes. Again, it’s a tradeoff. People have to yield and systems have to yield to be able to have a cooperative environment.

In programming and some of the systems that we’ve seen, it’s great. People design a program and it’s out there and we have to use it. Maybe it’s not how we want to use it and maybe it doesn’t work for us exactly. But that’s what’s on offer and that’s what we use and we’ve adapted to that. But we’re not really that thrilled with it over time, because it limits some of the things we have to do. To do that we figure out how to work around it or how to not do it or, in big companies we see that people do workarounds. They do what we call covert agency. The people designing the processes and the programs think they’re working, but the workers are kind of doing other stuff to make that process work.

We want to be sure that there’s yielding, so processes aren’t too brittle and we don’t have a false process running that’s not really actually working and then people struggling to make the process work rather than having a cooperative environment where we both learn together and share.

Also, we don’t want to do this. Thing really must be cooperative. It might have—we want it to have agency, but we don’t want it to have that kind of agency. We want it to be friendly to users and we want a system to work.

Back in April, April a year ago, Radar asked, Will the IoT be won by startups or established companies with lots of resources? My reply at the time, which I actually still believe, the IoT is going to be won by whoever successfully solves this heterogeneity problem, because devices do need to be social. We’ve hit a point both in our culture and in our technology where we have to yield and play together or we’re not going to accomplish the things we need to to get us these new capabilities that we actually want to have.

The paper that this talk was from is called [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments.] The logic is explained more, there’s much more there for you if you’re interested. That’s at posr.org/wiki/publications and it’s publication #6.

Thank you for your time, I appreciate it. I know I’m right between you and a party, so, thank you very much.

Social Augmented Reality

2017-04-24T18:34:18Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2014-2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

"Social Augmented Reality":

• Augmented World Expo (AWE 2015), June 2015, Santa Clara, CA

== '''Social Augmented Reality: What it is. How to get it. Towards a Multiuser Social AR Experience.' Video and Transcript'' ==

'''VIDEO'''

Full Length VIdeo: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-D8rZYTELn0 Video Complete Talk: given by Sally Applin with Michael Fischer • Social Augmented Reality: What it is. How to get it.Towards a Multiuser Social AR Experience. • AWE 2015]

'''TRANSCRIPT:'''

Sally Applin
Michael Fischer

Social Augmented Reality:

What It Is, How to Get it.

Towards a Multiuser Social AR Experience.

Sally Applin

I’m going to talk about social augmented reality, what it is, how to get it. And looking at working towards a multi-user social AR experience. This is from a publication that came out in the IEEE consumer electronics magazine, the most recent issue, in April. We have a full article and I’m giving a snapshot of that.

We look at social augmented reality, we’re trying to figure out what are cooperation and sociability? What makes people social? And what are the outcomes for mobile that we’re seeing that are changing the way we are social? We’re going to look at PolySocial Reality, and the design problem of heterogeneity, which is what we’re getting when we’re looking at all of these people using all of these devices.

The goal is to develop cooperation and designing shared experiences and connecting people through those shared experiences. And we’re going to move through Magic Bus towards what I like to call “social blue brain,” which will make sense as we move forward.

What is social augmented reality? It has those elements of sociability, cooperation and shared experience. Cooperation is this. If we look at the highway and we look at the windfarm behind it, that is a representation of human’s massive amount of cooperative effort. Metal mining, manufacturing, engineering, all the social structures that came together to make the road system, to make the things that we use and don’t even think about. We came here in cars. Cars were collaborations, between humans, between humans and robots, between robots and robots. All that is a result of cooperation.

Cooperation requires the shared information. We can’t cooperate unless we share information with each other. If we’ve developed systems where we’re not able to do that, it’s harder for us to cooperate. I hate to be a downer about it, but if we don’t cooperate we die. We really do need each other.

We help each other in different ways. This is one way that we’re social and we cooperate. This is another. The bakery doesn’t exist without that people that—baked goods can’t exist without the people that make them and the raw materials that are made by others. These women working on their robot, that robot’s not going to work unless they come together, collaborate, share information to work together.

Social is also shared experience. He is sharing an experience with his camel. It may not be an experience that both of them could communicate about yet. But we’re also looking at human-animal communication.

Also, something like this hot air balloon where people are sharing an experience together, or the kids playing with Legos. They each may be individually building something, but they’re actually having a shared experience of that Lego environment as they’re hanging out at Maker Faire making things.

The current landscape is social. But there’s a lot less shared experience in the local locale. We’re being very social. Everybody in this picture is actually connecting to people. But they’re not connecting to people in their presence, they’re connecting to people in a distance presence. And that sociability that’s remote and not local changes our local experience.

When you’re on the street looking at people, they might look like they’re doing something like this. They’re not social, they’re not part of us. And certainly that’s what came out when we were starting to see mobile permeate in the last six, seven, eight years.

What they’re really doing is they’re looking at lots of different things. When you see someone on the street looking at a mobile, they’re not just looking at their mobile. They’re looking at maybe lots of different things and their mobile might be looking at other things on their behalf. You check in at Foursquare. That’s going to send messages to people that may send messages back. Or if you’re sending something on Facebook, it’s a broadcast medium, you may be actively texting to people that are cycling back. There’s a lot of messages that are going on that are multiply social. It’s not a single synchronous sociability in mobile. It’s multiple.

We call that PolySocial Reality. PolySocial Reality, or POSR, is the idea that we have this system that we’re currently in that everybody’s in, where each message is counted. If we just take for granted every single message—we know people are sending lots of them. We know their machines are sending lots of them. We know that they are showing up in synchronous messages that we’re connecting in real time and we’re doing messages asynchronously, we’re sending messages that people may read and respond to later. If you take the whole universe of messages, that’s what we’re calling PolySocial Reality.

And POSR has a really complex interactive environment. This is one photo of one group using devices. And if you think about all the multiple messaging going on just in that snapshot and you take the aggregate of all the people doing these things, you can see that it grows. And it becomes a very complex problem.

Just to recap, PolySocial Reality describes the aggregate of multiplexed, multiple, synchronous or asynchronous individual data creations. And they can be things just we speak or the things our devices are generating or the things that we generate. And it has outcomes. And some of the outcomes are great. We can expand our networks, we expand our connections. The people that we can socialize with are maybe around the globe and we’re very close to them instantly. It’s great.

But it also creates these individual experiences that fragment us in the local locale. And asynchronicity has become this adaptive strategy. People use asynchronicity to change the way they’re managing their time. People may defer to late at night to write messages when they know people won’t write back. Or they may have so many messages that they just pitch it and wait and they think, oh, well, the most important people, they’ll write back. And that may or may not happen. If our messages that are asynchronous don’t overlap enough, we don’t get that communication. If we don’t get communication, we can’t have cooperation, because we’re no longer sharing a story or a narrative. It’s really critical that we actually do connect with our messages. And because of PolySocial Reality and all these messages and all this asynchronicity and synchronicity happening at the same time, stories can be fragmented.

We’re going to have soon to be a more complex environment. It’s going to get worse. Or better, depending. People are going to have another layer of complexity on top of the PolySocial Reality we’re already experiencing. We’re going to have AR, another layer on top of our messaging, as we’re starting to have. And we’re also going to have the IoT and other things that are generating more messages for us.

We look at heterogeneity and sociability. We’re looking at heterogeneity as a complexity. Dissimilar, diverse, complicated, mixed. We look at AR hardware. Not everyone’s going to have the same kind. Some people might have head-mounted, people might be looking through phones. It’s going to be different. People have different apps. They’re in different locations. There’s different network structures. People are different genders, different cultures, different ethnicities, and they’re using different devices, different apps. There’s a lot of heterogeneity. And when we talk about designing for AR, we’re designing heterogeneity and sociability.

And sociability’s really difficult if the AR in devices is only being carried by you and those around you, not everyone. The fact that there is a lot of heterogeneity is a critical design problem.

When we look at social augmented reality, we’re really looking at stories. And stories are narratives. And narratives are how people represent and control information about ourselves, how we do that, and how we control information about people—we tell stories. And it contributes to our orientation of ourselves in the world at that time, by making it a narrative, even a small narrative, of how we understand the world. It’s how we develop our own experience and share that with others.

How do we get to social augmented reality? How do we make it social? We can create shared experiences around a story and narrative. A lot of the talks today talked about this. You can do it through sensors in an active AR environment, games with multiplayer components, projection that enables AR without a sealed headset, if you open up that headset, you can be social with people. This is an intelligent AR environment where the signup dates as the bus moves through town, the sensors trigger and updates the sign. Sorry. There you go. This is more of a could be called an augmentation, it could be a smart environment or an IoT, but people have the ability to go around the sign and talk and share with their heads up. They’re not down, they’re not fragmented. They can still be in the same locale and social.

We look at castAR, what castAR has to offer. It’s a contained environment. It has that retro-reflective mat with glasses, but the glasses are open and you can see through them. In castAR’s model, the AR is projected out, the projection is out, not on your eyes, so that you can actually experience the AR and turn your head and have a conversation with someone and then go right back to it. It’s really great how they do that. And you can also be social while you use castAR and share in that way. But the glasses are also semi-transparent so you could see who you’re talking to as you do it, or who you’re playing with, and have conversations. It’s not immersive. It’s not cut off. It’s social.

And this is a sample as to what you look like, what you’re seeing as you’re looking through those glasses. It’s a shared AR environment, multiple people can play.

An interactive public environment can also do this. It has, this particular example is a place where people can gather and interact with something. The bus sign we saw was projected one way. But in this particular case, you can actually, the people can interact and see results on their own.

My very favorite is the Magic Bus. I love the Magic Bus and I think the Magic Bus is a really great example of a shared AR story. The Magic Bus is a retrofitted school bus in San Francisco and it takes people on a tour of San Francisco. And as people ride in the Magic Bus, it plays videos and stories and music of the period that they are trying to illustrate on the way to the point. It plays the story on the pathway. As you’re going, it’s telling you something and then, when you get there, the shades go up and then you see where you’ve arrived to. The narrative is in the pathway with Magic Bus.

We want to go beyond Magic Bus. People make pathways as they move from point to point. Right now, AR’s trigger-based in terms of points. But stories go beyond that. Stories are about, well, I was going to this place and all this stuff happened. We’re suggesting, how do we create—what we’re interested in having people think about is how do you create pathway-based, multi-point AR? The goal is to get more information to form that storyline. What’s a narrative accompaniment to AR? What’s the soundtrack of AR? What are triggers that can be beyond point triggers, but more pathway triggers?

Blue Brain does site-specific sound sculptures. And what they’ve done is, in Washington, D.C. at the National Mall and also in Central Park, they’ve set up sound sculptures that, as you go to different regions in an area within the park, you hear a soundtrack when you use their app. As you move this way, you’ll hear something or that way—you hear a soundtrack. And your soundtrack is your own narrative as you move through. And people move through differently, so it’s not scripted. People have different ways to do it, but they are making up a narrative composed of these many pathways.

We’re interested in social Blue Brain. Individually, extended AR is a great experience, but it’s not really sharable. How do you give people ways to share those multi-point pathway narratives, via social media, trusted network spaces? What are ways we can change the mode of navigation triggers from these location triggers to these composite pathways?

In conclusion, in talking about designing for sociability and cooperation, we’re interested in what you can design that provides hooks for shared experience, so we don’t have that street where everyone’s involved in AR, but they’re connected to people that are really far away. That’s great, but the local locale needs people to cooperate and socialize to be able to function. Explore playing with time. What are people about to do? What have they just experienced? How does that fit into your narrative? The goal is to connect people through a shared experience and this is going to produce that shared cooperation that we need and that better understanding which we need, which is going to support society.

Even though a composite pathway may seem like it’s just filled with all kinds of people’s experience, if enough people travel that and share that, it builds a society that shares a common history. And that’s something that we’re moving away from.

I always close with this slide and it’s one of my favorites. This is from Burning Man. And this is what I hope AR can be. Look at this cooperative structure. Look at how they had to all come together to make this. It’s colorful, it’s a representation of an awful lot of cooperation. People are enjoying it. They’re having a shared experience. And they’re also, as you can see by the lights, individually participating and participating together. And, in Burning Man, people do have pathway experiences to get to events and to think about the path as well as the point I think is the message I’d like to leave you with.

Thank you.

[applause]

Moderator
We have time for a couple of questions for Sally. Are there any questions?

Question
Mentioning the social piece of augmented reality, really when we’re talking about social, you’re talking about, you mentioned the narrative a few times. I’m wondering, with some of the challenges that I face is creating that dialogue, of putting out information and receiving it back and how you would encourage that with this program.

Sally Applin
Could you clarify specifically a little bit more about…?

Question
When the individuals that I work for are putting out information, let’s say in a social media environment, it’s really to … rather than just pushing out information, and just essentially receiving unscripted information back, it’s really generating that dialogue and then watching the circles grow from there. So I’m just wondering how that might apply here, if at all.

Sally Applin
Sure, I think it’s… I think it could be similar. So we’re looking at, as you move through the physical world using AR, in particular, rather than being stationary, there are pathways that you follow to get from place to place. And as you are on that path from place to place, other people have traveled there and had experiences there and they may want to share something about that.

And it could be quite a glut if everyone just filled a pathway with everything. But you could have a pathway that’s filled way with your trusted network, their memories or shared experiences.

Okay, and then those, depending on, in a structure where people could do that—right now, media doesn’t, but where they could—those things could be shared again outside the trusted network.

Question
Thank you.

Moderator
Sally Applin, everyone.

Sally Applin
Thanks!

End of audio

Mixed, Dual, Blended, AR and PolySocial Reality

2017-04-24T18:34:01Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Papers and Talks on Mixed, Dual, Blended, Augmented Reality, and PolySocial Reality (PoSR):

Conference: [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ Augmented World Expo, Santa Clara, CA, 4-5 June, 2013]

Session: [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ai1ec_event/designing-user-experiences-for-reality/?instance_id=447 Designing Experiences for Augmented Reality]

'''Panel:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ai1ec_event/designing-user-experiences-for-reality/?instance_id=447 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Heads Up! Designing for PolySocial Reality and HMDs”]

'''Video of Talk:''' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSuHcf8PLN4 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Heads Up! Designing for PolySocial Reality and HMDs”]

Conference: [http://www.aag.org/cs/annualmeeting AAG 2013 - Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, 9-13 April, 2013]

Session: [http://meridian.aag.org/callforpapers/program/SessionDetail.cfm?SessionID=17529 3125#Geo/Code: Digital Society, AAG 2013, 11 April, 2013 - American Association of Geographers (AAG) Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, 2013.]

'''Paper:''' [http://meridian.aag.org/callforpapers/program/AbstractDetail.cfm?AbstractID=52911 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Ways to Go: Agency and Heterogeneity in Geography”]

Conference: [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2013 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Santa Monica, CA, 19-22 March, 2013]

Session: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2013, 19 March 2013 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa'13)]

'''Paper:''' [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

Conference: [http://jitso.org/jitso-2012/ First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology, Lausanne, Switzerland, December 4, 2012]

Program: JITSO 2012 will gather the most significant international researchers that try to understand social phenomena as they unfold, mining their digital traces.

'''Paper:''' Sally Applin, Michael Fischer and Kevin Walker - [https://web.archive.org/web/20140207061427/http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/“Visualising PolySocial Reality”]

Conference: [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2012/webprogram/Session7036.html The 111th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), San Francisco, CA, November 14-18, 2012]

Session: Online, Social, and Individual Spaces: Crossing Borders and Delimiting Life Frameworks

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Everybody is Talking to Each other Without Talking to Each Other: PolySocial Reality and Asynchronous Adaptation”

Conference: [http://www.auto-ui.org/12/ Automotive UI 2012 (AutoUI 2012) - 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (In cooperation with ACM SIGCHI) - Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 17-19 October 2012]

'''Workshop:''' [http://www.pervasive.jku.at/AutoUI12_SocialCar/ The "Social Car," AutoUI 2012, 17-19 October 2012 - Automotive UI 2012 Workshop on The Social Car (socially-inspired C2X interaction)]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - [http://posr.org/w/images/a/a5/Applin_Fischer_AutoUI_2012_DRAFT.pdf Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles]

Conference: Int'l Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality - [http://ismar.vgtc.org/ ISMAR2012] 
'''Paper/Poster Reviewer:''' Reviewer for ISMAR2012 Paper/Posters Arts, Media and Humanities track

Conference: [http://sociomobile.org/mobile2012/ ICA Pre-Conference Workshop: Mobile Communication, Community and Locative Media, Phoenix, AZ, May 2012]

Session: [http://sociomobile.org/mobile2012/program2.html Panel #8: Mobile Spatialities]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "PolySocial Reality and Connected Individuation in Communities"

Conference: [http://www.cyborgology.org/theorizingtheweb/index.html Theorizing the Web (TtW2012), College Park, MD, April 2012]

Session: [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/04/06/ttw2012-panel-spotlight-augmented-reality/ Augmented Reality: Intersecting Atoms and Bits]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "PolySocial Reality: Augmentation and Experience"

Blog: Cyborgology, University of Maryland, Department of Sociology

'''Article:''' April 10, 2012, [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/04/10/google-glasses-heads-up/ "Google Glasses? Heads Up!"]

Conference: [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2012.html SfAA 2012, Bays, Boundaries, and Borders, Baltimore, MD, March 31, 2012]

Session: [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2012/sfaa2012finalprogram.pdf Digital and Virtual Communities]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Blurry Borders and Blended Boundaries: PolySocial Reality and Individuated Communities”

'''Award:''' Sally A. Applin, [http://www.sfaa.net/spicer/spicerwinner2012.html Edward H. and Rosamund B. Spicer Award:] The Spicer Student Travel Fund Awards commemorate the lifelong and very special concern of Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer in furthering the maturation of students in the social sciences, both intellectually and practically, and their lifelong interest in the nature of community as both cause of, and solution to, problems in the human condition.

Conference: [http://sxsw.com SXSW, 9-13 March 2012]

Session: [http://schedule.sxsw.com/2012/events/event_IAP11546 Culture, Science and Play, March 13, 12:30-1:30, Driskill Ballroom]

'''Panel:''' [http://schedule.sxsw.com/2012/events/event_IAP11546 Sally Applin and Gene Becker - PolySocial Reality and the Enspirited World]

'''Slides:''' [[PolySocial Reality and the Enspirited World]]

Conference: [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2012 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Lisbon, Portugal, 13-16 February 2012]

Session: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2012, February 2012 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)]

'''Paper:''' [http://posr.org/w/images/8/87/Applin_Fischer_PolySocialRealityProspectsforExtendingUserExperiencesBeyondMixedDualandBlendedReality_LAMDa_2012a.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality”]

'''Scholarship:''' Sally A. Applin was recipient of one of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Travel Scholarships to the conference

Conference: [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2012 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Lisbon, Portugal, 13-16 February 2012]

Session: LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2012, February 2012 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)

'''Workshop Organizer:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/cfp.html IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) Sally Applin, Eyal Dim, Gerrit Kahl, Petteri Nurmi, Teemu Pulkkinen, Tim Schwartz]

Conference: [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2011/webprogrampreliminary/meeting.html#2011-11-17 The 110th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), Montreal, Canada, November 16-20, 2011]

Session: The Confluence of Virtual and Real: Tidemarks of Change in the Evolution of Social Life

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “The Data Tide is High and We're Holding On....to Our Mobile Phones”

Conference: [http://gracehopper.org/2011/ Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, 9-12 November, 2011]

Objectives: The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront.

'''Scholarship:''' Sally A. Applin selected from 1,100 applicants to receive one of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Scholarships to the conference

Conference: [http://intelligentenvironments.org/conferences/ie11 The 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11), Nottingham, UK, July, 2011]

Session: [http://ie11.org/download/IE11_Draft_Conf_Prog.pdf A3: User modelling and Social Perspectives - 27 July, 2011 11:00 AM-12:40 PM]

'''Paper:''' [http://anthropunk.com/Files/Applin_Fischer_PervasiveComputingInTimeAndSpace.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration”]

Conference: [http://www.truststc.org/wise/ WISE 2011 Women’s Institute in Summer Enrichment Sponsored by the Team for Research in Ubiquitous Secure Technology (T.R.U.S.T.), Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), Pittsburgh, PA, July 2011]

Objectives: To disseminate the most recent results in cyber-security and privacy; to give enough information to the participants so that they can start a course or a research activity in cyber-security and privacy; and to create a network of interested parties in the area of cyber-security and privacy.

'''Fellowship:''' Sally A. Applin selected as 1 of 20 National Science Foundation (NSF) T.R.U.S.T. Fellowship Scholars.

Conference: [http://makerfaire.com/bayarea/2011/ Maker Faire 2011 • Bay Area - San Mateo, CA, May 2011]

Session: [http://makerfaire.com/bayarea/2011/schedule/location/?mfl=171 Sunday Morning 11:30 AM]

'''Talk:''' [http://makerfaire.com/pub/e/6152 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AnthroPunk: Meta Making, Cuture Making, and the 'Making' of Making"]

'''Video of Talk:''' [http://fora.tv/2011/05/22/Sally_Applin_AnthroPunk Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AnthroPunk: Meta Making, Cuture Making, and the 'Making' of Making"]

Conference: [http://augmentedrealityevent.com/, Augmented Reality Event - ARE2011, San Jose, CA, May 2011]

Session: UI/UX for AR - Business Track (Wed, May 18th 2:30-3:00 PM, Great America J, First Floor)

'''Panel:''' [http://www.slideshare.net/SallyApplin/ar-and-social-and-sensors-oh-my-augmented-reality-event-are2011-presentation Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AR and Social and Sensors, Oh My!"]

Conference: [http://www.cyborgology.org/theorizingtheweb/index.html Theorizing the Web (TtW2011), College Park, MD, April 2011]

Session: [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2011/04/07/ttw2011-spotlight-wiki-knowledge/ Open Panel: Wiki-Knowledge - Populist Epistemologies from the Web ]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Humans and Knowledge: Making it in the Web 2.0 World”

'''Slides:''' [http://anthropunk.com/TtW2011_Applin_Fischer/TtW2011_Applin_Fischer.mov Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Humans and Knowledge: Making it in the Web 2.0 World”] (Please double click to load, arrow keys (or double click) to move back and forth.)

Conference: [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2011.html SfAA 2011, Expanding the Influence of Applied Social Science, Seattle, WA, March 30, 2011]

Session: [http://www.cyborgology.org/theorizingtheweb/program.html Exploring the Boundaries of Social Media]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Come On, Do the Geolocomotion: Anthropological Context Goes Geospatial”

Conference:[http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2011 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA | 13-16 February 2011]

Session: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/ LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2011, February 2011 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)]

'''Paper:''' [http://posr.org/w/images/f/f6/Applin_Fischer_ACulturalPerspectiveOnMixedDualAndBlendedReality_LAMDa_2011a.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality"]

'''Complete Proceedings:''' [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1943509 IUI '11 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces]

IUI 2011 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA | 13-16 February 2011

The annual meeting of the intelligent interfaces community and serves as the principal international forum for reporting outstanding research and development on intelligent user interfaces.

Workshop 7: Location-Based Services in Smart Environments (LAMDa)

The LAMDa workshop aims to discuss the impact of Dual Reality and Mixed Reality on Location Awareness and other applications in Smart Environments. Virtual environments – which are an essential part of Dual and Mixed Realities – can be used to create new applications and to enhance already existing applications in the real world. On the other hand, existing sensors in the real world can be used to enhance the virtual world as well. The Kalman-filter can be seen as an example for this type of application: Sensor measurements in the real world are brought into the virtual world in form of a model that also describes the error distribution of the sensors. The virtual world is then used to make a prediction for the next measurement in the real world and both results – the prediction and the measurement – are used to refine the virtual world and to bring more accurate sensor measurements into the real world, usually in form of User Interfaces.

The main scope of this workshop is: How can the Dual Reality paradigm be combined with location awareness to achieve improvements for location-based and socially-aware services and other applications in smart environments?

Organizers: Gerrit Kahl, Tim Schwartz, Boris Brandherm, Petteri Nurmi, Andreas Forsblom, Eyal Dim

Workshop website: http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/

OneSpace 2010 - Third International Workshop on Blending Physical and Digital Spaces on the Internet - 20.09.20

"The third edition of Onespace will continue to offer a venue for the interdisciplinary exposition, exploration and cross-fertilisation of trends in how the Internet contributes to blend and modify reality and real-life technology with a focus on spatial aspects. The scope will be open to conceptual, experimental, and technological perspectives although we envisioned, as usual, a rather applied orientation supporting more fundamental discussions. The primary notions involved will be those of (geo)spatial and temporal sensitivity in physical, digital and virtual contexts, and the blending of digital and virtual images of space and of the physical realm."

'''Paper:''' [http://onespace.kmi.open.ac.uk/2010/ Relatively Speaking: The Cultural Logic of Mobility in Space and Time - Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer]

(Our paper was accepted, but the workshop was cancelled.)

Interviews

2017-04-24T18:33:43Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Interview: June 2015 [http://www.rethinkrobotics.com/meet-sally-applin-humans-and-robots/ Rethink Robotics Blog: meet phd candidate sally applin]

The COIL Radio, [http://www.buzzsprout.com/15665/108301-episode-5-recorded-4fred-expsd-mp3 Engineering the Collaborative Human] Sally Applin Interview, August 11, 2013

Augmented World Expo (AWE 2013)- [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTCT-fI5XFA Awe.tv Interview with Sally Applin, Ph.D. Candidate and University of Kent, Canterbury] June 5, 2013

Internet of Things (IoT) Council: [http://www.theinternetofthings.eu/content/council-interview-sally-applin Council Interview with Sally Applin] October 28, 2011

O'Reilly Strata 2011 - Making Data Work, Feb 1-11, Santa Clara, CA

[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4E7G1rZgDnM Radar Interview: Sally Applin on Anthropology, Data and Anthropunk]

Interviewed in The Digital Designer: The Graphic Artist’s Guide to the New Media, Watson-Guptill Publications, 1997.

Interviewed in Demystifying Multimedia, Apple Computer, Vivid Press, 1993

Videos

2017-04-24T18:33:33Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2017 SALLY A. APPLIN. and MICHAEL D. FISCHER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Talk:''' Augmented World Expo, Santa Clara, CA, 8-10 June, 2015 -
Social and Collaboration Session Keynote: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-D8rZYTELn0 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - Social Augmented Reality: What it is. How to get it. Towards a Multiuser Social AR Experience.]

'''Talk:''' Maker Faire, May 2011 - [http://fora.tv/2011/05/22/Sally_Applin_AnthroPunk Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AnthroPunk: Meta Making, Cuture Making, and the 'Making' of Making"]

'''Interview:''' O'Reilly Strata 2011 - February 2011 [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4E7G1rZgDnM Radar Interview: Sally Applin on Anthropology, Data and Anthropunk]

'''Talk:''' Cyborg Camp - October 2010 [http://anthropunk.com/Files/CyborgCamp2010SallyApplin519f.mp4 Sally Applin "Hidden Cyborgs"]

Publications List

2017-04-24T18:33:07Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2017 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Publications/Honorariums:'''

'''THIS MATERIAL ©1978–2016 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Publication:''' IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 2, Date: Apr. 2017 (04/2017), pp. 94–98.

'''Article:''' Wayne Yoshida, Sally Applin:[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7879432/ Ham Stakes: Repurposing consumer electronics for amateur radio.]

'''Conference:''' [http://sociam.org/socm2016/ The 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Social Machines (SOCM 2016) Observing social machines on the Web. April 11, 2016, Montreal, Canada]

'''Publication:''' Sally A. Applin, Michael D. Fischer [http://www2016.net/proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines]

'''Conference:''' [https://algorithmsatwork.wordpress.com/workshop-proposal/ The 19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). February 27–March 2, 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA Workshop on "Algorithms at Work"]

'''Publication:''' Sally A. Applin, Michael D. Fischer [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.istas2015.org/home/ ISTAS 2015 - IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society 11–12 Nov., 2015, Dublin, Ireland]

'''Session:''' [http://www.istas2015.org/home/default.asp?page=schedule-view&schedule.id=1&schedule.day.date=2015-11-11%2000:00:00&schedule.slot.time=11:30&schedule.event.pos=2&schedule.event.id=5&schedule.day.pos=#slot2015-11-11%2000:00:00T11:30 Session 3B: Impact of Consumer Electronics]

'''Publication:''' Sally A. Applin, Michael D. Fischer [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other]

'''Publication:''' IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 4, Date: Oct. 2015 (10/2015), pp. 101-106.

'''Article:''' Sally Applin, Andreas Riener, Michael D. Fischer:[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7310907&refinements%3D4229309917%26filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A7308135%29 Extending Driver-Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Device Commons: Transitioning to (nondriving) passengers and their vehicles.]

'''Publication:''' IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 34, Issue 2, Date: June 2015 (06/2015), pp. 13-15.

'''Article:''' [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7128829 Sally A. Applin "Ich liebe Dich UBER alles in der Welt (I love you more than anything else in the world)"]

'''Conference:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ O'Reilly SOLID, San Francisco, CA, 23 June, 2015]

'''Session:''' [Thing Theory: Making Sense of IoT Complexity]

'''Session Keynote:''' [http://solidcon.com/internet-of-things-2015/public/schedule/speaker/78722 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Making sense of IOT Complexity”]

'''Conference:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ Augmented World Expo, Santa Clara, CA, 8-10 June, 2015]

'''Session:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/presenters/ Social and Cooperation]

'''Session Keynote:''' [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-D8rZYTELn0 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Social Augmented Reality: What it is. How to get it. Towards a Multiuser Social AR Experience.”]

'''Publication:''' IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 34, Issue 1, Date: spring 2015 (03/20/2015), pp. 65-72

'''Article:''' [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/program/ 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2015). Workshop: The Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human-Robot Interaction. Panel 3: Autonomy and Human-Robot Collaboration Challenges. Portland, OR, March 2, 2015.]

'''Paper:''' [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer, "Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/news/?view=1477 Strangers in Strange Lands: Mapping the Relationship between Anthropology and Science Fiction, Panel 3: Imagined Technologies and Fictional Science. University of Kent, Canterbury, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Canterbury, UK, Nov. 15-16, 2014]

'''Paper:''' [http://www.nomadit.co.uk/iuaes/iuaes2014/panels.php5?PanelID=2933 Sally A. Applin, "Achieving successful outcomes from Science Fiction Inspired Technologies”]

'''Conference:''' [http://animal.mixedrealitylab.org The First International Congress on Animal Human Computer Interaction (part of Advances in Computer Entertainment (ACE2014)] Maderia, Portugal, Nov. 11, 2014

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer, "How Humans and Animals are Using Technology to Build Cooperative Relationships (submission no. 202)"

'''Note:''' Submission accepted Oct. 17, 2014. Unable to attend due to scheduling conflict.

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuaes.org/japan2014/index.shtml International Unison of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES) with The Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology (JASCA), Chiba City Tokyo, May 15-18, 2014]

'''Paper:''' [http://www.nomadit.co.uk/iuaes/iuaes2014/panels.php5?PanelID=2933 Sally A. Applin, and Michael D. Fischer (P121) "Forced Compliance: How the City Shapes the Network that Shapes the City”]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuaes.org/japan2014/index.shtml International Unison of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES) with The Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology (JASCA), Chiba City Tokyo, May 15-18, 2014]

'''Panel:''' [http://www.nomadit.co.uk/iuaes/iuaes2014/panels.php5?PanelID=2933 Michael D. Fischer, Sally A. Applin, and Francine Barrone “(P121) Global cities: digital urbanisation in the 21st century (Commission on Urban Anthropology)”]

'''Publication:''' IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 32, Issue 4, Date: winter 2013 (06/12/2013), pp. 35-44

'''Article:''' [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuaes.org/japan2014/index.shtml 2013 International Conference on Connected Vehicles & Expo: Industry Forums, Las Vegas, NV, Dec 2-6, 2013]

'''Panel:''' [http://edas.info/p16523#S1569480807 Industry Forum: Privacy, Security and Sociability]

'''Talk:''' [http://edas.info/p16523 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Integrating Sociability into the Connected Vehicle Environment”]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.aaanet.org/meetings/ The 112th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), Chicago, IL, November 20-24, 2013]

'''Session:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2013/webprogrampreliminary/Session8210.html 4-0895 The Human Past and the Future of a Kinship Public]

'''Paper:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2013/webprogrampreliminary/Paper26669.html Michael D. Fischer and Sally A. Applin “From Kinship to Facebook: Information Flows in Multi-Perspectual Networks”]

'''Conference:''' [http://veillance.me/about/ 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS13) Toronto, Canada, June, 2013]

'''Session:''' Sousveillance | Surveillance

'''Abstract:''' [http://veillance.me/blog/2013/6/3/abstract-ieeeistas13-37 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper (Pre-pub Draft):''' [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6613129&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel7%2F6596466%2F6613092%2F06613129.pdf%3Farnumber%3D6613129 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Report:''' [http://www.netbiscuits.com/reports/reports-and-papers/the-peoples-web-report/ The People's Web Report - Netbiscuits/Bite London, June 2013]

'''Author:''' Sally A. Applin - Forward/Conclusion and commentary on 5,000 person global mobile web study

'''Conference:''' [http://www.truststc.org/wise/ WISE 2013 Women’s Institute in Summer Enrichment Sponsored by the Team for Research in Ubiquitous Secure Technology (T.R.U.S.T.), San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, June 2013]

'''Objectives:''' To disseminate the most recent results in cyber-security and privacy; to give enough information to the participants so that they can start a course or a research activity in cyber-security and privacy; and to create a network of interested parties in the area of cyber-security and privacy.

'''Awarded:''' Sally A. Applin selected as 1 of 20 National Science Foundation (NSF) T.R.U.S.T. Fellowship Scholars.

'''Note:''' Accepted but unable to attend due to scheduling conflict.

'''Conference:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ Augmented World Expo, Santa Clara, CA, 4-5 June, 2013]

'''Session:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ai1ec_event/designing-user-experiences-for-reality/?instance_id=447 Designing Experiences for Augmented Reality]

'''Panel:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ai1ec_event/designing-user-experiences-for-reality/?instance_id=447 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Heads Up! Designing for PolySocial Reality and HMDs”]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.ieee-security.org/grepsec/ The GREPSEC Workshop. An NSF and CRA-W/CDC supported workshop for women and underrepresented groups interested in computer security research.] Sponsored by IEEE Computer Society and Microsoft Research - The Metropolitan Club, San Francisco, CA, May 18-19, 2013

'''Objectives:''' To attract beginning researchers in computer security and trustworthiness and show them the wide spectrum of new problems that are evolving and will need attention in the future.

'''Scholarship:''' Sally A. Applin selected as 1 of 37 National Science Foundation (NSF) and Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research CRA-W/CDC funding recipients.

'''Blog:''' The Steampunk Workshop

'''Article:''' Sally A. Applin, May 1, 2013, [http://steampunkworkshop.com/steampunk-making-future "Steampunk: Making the Future" - First article in a multi-part series.]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.aag.org/cs/annualmeeting AAG 2013 - Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, 9-13 April, 2013]

'''Session:''' [http://meridian.aag.org/callforpapers/program/SessionDetail.cfm?SessionID=17529 3125#Geo/Code: Digital Society, AAG 2013, 11 April, 2013 - American Association of Geographers (AAG) Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, 2013.]

'''Paper:''' [http://meridian.aag.org/callforpapers/program/AbstractDetail.cfm?AbstractID=52911 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Ways to Go: Agency and Heterogeneity in Geography”]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2013 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Santa Monica, CA, 19-22 March, 2013] 
'''Session:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2013, 19 March 2013 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa'13)]

'''Paper:''' [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuiconf.org IUI 2013 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Santa Monica, CA, 19-22 March 2013] 

'''Session:''' LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2013, March 2013 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)

'''Workshop Organizer:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/ IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)] Tim Schwartz, Sally Applin, Eyal Dim, Gerrit Kahl

'''Conference:''' [http://jitso.org/jitso-2012/ First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology, Lausanne, Switzerland, December 4, 2012]

'''Program:''' JITSO 2012 will gather the most significant international researchers that try to understand social phenomena as they unfold, mining their digital traces.

'''Paper:''' Sally Applin, Michael Fischer and Kevin Walker - [https://web.archive.org/web/20140207061427/http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/ “Visualising PolySocial Reality”]

'''Book contribution:''' Sally Applin - Steampunk, Open Source and Privacy. In [http://www.oreilly.de/catalog/steampunkkgger/index.html 'Steampunk kurz & geek'] Jahnke, A., Rauchfuß, M. (Eds.) A German publication providing an overview of the Steampunk genre. pp. 79-80. O'Reilly Vlg. GmbH & Company, 2012.

'''Conference:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2012/webprogram/Session7036.html The 111th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), San Francisco, CA, November 14-18, 2012]

'''Session:''' Online, Social, and Individual Spaces: Crossing Borders and Delimiting Life Frameworks

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Everybody is Talking to Each other Without Talking to Each Other: PolySocial Reality and Asynchronous Adaptation”

'''Conference:''' [http://www.auto-ui.org/12/ Automotive UI 2012 (AutoUI 2012) - 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (In cooperation with ACM SIGCHI) - Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 17-19 October 2012]

'''Workshop:''' [http://www.pervasive.jku.at/AutoUI12_SocialCar/ The "Social Car," AutoUI 2012, 17-19 October 2012 - Automotive UI 2012 Workshop on The Social Car (socially-inspired C2X interaction)]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles"

'''Conference:''' Int'l Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality - [http://ismar.vgtc.org/ ISMAR2012] 
'''Paper/Poster Reviewer:''' Reviewer for ISMAR2012 Paper/Posters Arts, Media and Humanities track

'''Conference:''' [http://www.truststc.org/wise/ WISE 2012 Women’s Institute in Summer Enrichment Sponsored by the Team for Research in Ubiquitous Secure Technology (T.R.U.S.T.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, June 2012]

'''Objectives:''' To disseminate the most recent results in cyber-security and privacy; to give enough information to the participants so that they can start a course or a research activity in cyber-security and privacy; and to create a network of interested parties in the area of cyber-security and privacy.

'''Fellowship:''' Sally A. Applin selected as 1 of 20 National Science Foundation (NSF) T.R.U.S.T. Fellowship Scholars.

'''Conference:''' [http://sociomobile.org/mobile2012/ ICA Pre-Conference Workshop: Mobile Communication, Community and Locative Media, Phoenix, AZ, May 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://sociomobile.org/mobile2012/program2.html Panel #8: Mobile Spatialities]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "PolySocial Reality and Connected Individuation in Communities"

'''Blog:''' Cyborgology, University of Maryland, Department of Sociology

'''Article:''' Sally A. Applin, May 20, 2012, [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/05/20/cardboard-prophet-hacking-the-3d-experience-at-caines-arcade// "Cardboard Prophet: Hacking the 3D Experience at Caine's Arcade"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.cyborgology.org/theorizingtheweb/index.html Theorizing the Web (TtW2012), College Park, MD, April 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/04/06/ttw2012-panel-spotlight-augmented-reality/ Augmented Reality: Intersecting Atoms and Bits]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "PolySocial Reality: Augmentation and Experience"

'''Blog:''' Cyborgology, University of Maryland, Department of Sociology

'''Article:''' Sally A. Applin, April 10, 2012, [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/04/10/google-glasses-heads-up/ "Google Glasses? Heads Up!"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2012.html SfAA 2012, Bays, Boundaries, and Borders, Baltimore, MD, March 31, 2012] 
'''Session:''' [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2012/sfaa2012finalprogram.pdf Digital and Virtual Communities]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Blurry Borders and Blended Boundaries: PolySocial Reality and Individuated Communities”

'''Award:''' Sally A. Applin, [http://www.sfaa.net/spicer/spicerwinner2012.html Edward H. and Rosamund B. Spicer Award:] The Spicer Student Travel Fund Awards commemorate the lifelong and very special concern of Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer in furthering the maturation of students in the social sciences, both intellectually and practically, and their lifelong interest in the nature of community as both cause of, and solution to, problems in the human condition.

'''Conference:''' [http://sxsw.com SXSW, 9-13 March 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://schedule.sxsw.com/2012/events/event_IAP11546 Culture, Science and Play, March 13, 12:30-1:30, Driskill Ballroom]

'''Panel:''' [http://schedule.sxsw.com/2012/events/event_IAP11546 Sally Applin and Gene Becker - PolySocial Reality and the Enspirited World]

'''Slides:''' [[PolySocial Reality and the Enspirited World]]

'''Blog:''' Cyborgology, University of Maryland, Department of Sociology

'''Article:''' March 1, 2012, [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/03/01/connected-car-becoming-the-cyborg-chauffeur/ "The Connected cAR: Becoming the Cyborg Chauffeur"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2012 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Lisbon, Portugal, 13-16 February 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2012, February 2012 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)]

'''Paper:''' [http://posr.org/w/images/8/87/Applin_Fischer_PolySocialRealityProspectsforExtendingUserExperiencesBeyondMixedDualandBlendedReality_LAMDa_2012a.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality”]

'''Scholarship:''' Sally A. Applin was recipient of one of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Travel Scholarships to the conference

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2012 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Lisbon, Portugal, 13-16 February 2012]

'''Session:''' LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2012, February 2012 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)

'''Workshop Organizer:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/cfp.html IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) Sally Applin, Eyal Dim, Gerrit Kahl, Petteri Nurmi, Teemu Pulkkinen, Tim Schwartz]

'''Conference:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2011/webprogrampreliminary/meeting.html#2011-11-17 The 110th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), Montreal, Canada, November 16-20, 2011] 

'''Session:''' The Confluence of Virtual and Real: Tidemarks of Change in the Evolution of Social Life

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “The Data Tide is High and We're Holding On....to Our Mobile Phones” 

'''Conference:''' [http://gracehopper.org/2011/ Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, 9-12 November, 2011]

'''Objectives:''' The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront.

'''Scholarship:''' Sally A. Applin selected from 1,100 applicants to receive one of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Scholarships to the conference

'''Conference:''' [http://intelligentenvironments.org/conferences/ie11 The 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11), Nottingham, UK, July, 2011]

'''Session:''' [http://ie11.org/download/IE11_Draft_Conf_Prog.pdf A3: User modelling and Social Perspectives - 27 July, 2011 11:00 AM-12:40 PM]

'''Paper:''' [http://anthropunk.com/Files/Applin_Fischer_PervasiveComputingInTimeAndSpace.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration”]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.truststc.org/wise/ WISE 2011 Women’s Institute in Summer Enrichment Sponsored by the Team for Research in Ubiquitous Secure Technology (T.R.U.S.T.), Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), Pittsburgh, PA, July 2011]

'''Objectives:''' To disseminate the most recent results in cyber-security and privacy; to give enough information to the participants so that they can start a course or a research activity in cyber-security and privacy; and to create a network of interested parties in the area of cyber-security and privacy.

'''Fellowship:''' Sally A. Applin selected as 1 of 20 National Science Foundation (NSF) T.R.U.S.T. Fellowship Scholars.

'''Conference:''' [http://makerfaire.com/bayarea/2011/ Maker Faire 2011 • Bay Area - San Mateo, CA, May 2011]

'''Session:''' [http://makerfaire.com/bayarea/2011/schedule/location/?mfl=171 Sunday Morning 11:30 AM]

'''Talk:''' [http://makerfaire.com/pub/e/6152 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AnthroPunk: Meta Making, Cuture Making, and the 'Making' of Making"]

'''Video of Talk:''' [http://fora.tv/2011/05/22/Sally_Applin_AnthroPunk Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AnthroPunk: Meta Making, Cuture Making, and the 'Making' of Making"]

'''Conference:''' [http://augmentedrealityevent.com/, Augmented Reality Event - ARE2011, San Jose, CA, May 2011]

'''Session:''' UI/UX for AR - Business Track (Wed, May 18th 2:30-3:00 PM, Great America J, First Floor)

'''Panel:''' [http://www.slideshare.net/SallyApplin/ar-and-social-and-sensors-oh-my-augmented-reality-event-are2011-presentation Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AR and Social and Sensors, Oh My!"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.cyborgology.org/theorizingtheweb/index.html Theorizing the Web (TtW2011), College Park, MD, April 2011]

'''Session:''' Scroll down for abstract: [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2011/04/07/ttw2011-spotlight-wiki-knowledge/ Open Panel: Wiki-Knowledge - Populist Epistemologies from the Web ]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Humans and Knowledge: Making it in the Web 2.0 World”

'''Slides:''' [http://anthropunk.com/TtW2011_Applin_Fischer/TtW2011_Applin_Fischer.mov Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Humans and Knowledge: Making it in the Web 2.0 World”] (Please double click to load, arrow keys (or double click) to move back and forth.)

'''Conference:''' [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2011.html SfAA 2011, Expanding the Influence of Applied Social Science, Seattle, WA, March 30, 2011]

'''Session:''' [http://www.cyborgology.org/theorizingtheweb/program.html Exploring the Boundaries of Social Media]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Come On, Do the Geolocomotion: Anthropological Context Goes Geospatial”

'''Conference:'''[http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2011 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA | 13-16 February 2011]

'''Session:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/ LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2011, February 2011 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)]

'''Paper:''' [http://posr.org/w/images/f/f6/Applin_Fischer_ACulturalPerspectiveOnMixedDualAndBlendedReality_LAMDa_2011a.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality"]

'''Complete Proceedings:''' [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1943509 IUI '11 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces]

'''Conference:''' The 109th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), New Orleans, LA, Nov 2010

'''Session:''' “Virtuality, Simulation and Social Life”

'''Paper:''' Michael Fischer and Sally A. Applin - “Articulating Cultural Symbols: Virtual, Augmented and Other Realities”

'''Conference:''' OneSpace 2010

'''Session:''' [http://onespace.kmi.open.ac.uk/2010/ Third International Workshop on Blending Physical and Digital Spaces on the Internet - 20.09.20]

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "Relatively Speaking: The Cultural Logic of Mobility in Space and Time" - (paper accepted, workshop cancelled.)

'''Conference:''' 20th Annual ACM Computers, Freedom and Privacy Conference (CFP 2010), June 15-18, 2010, San Jose, California.

'''Session:''' Work in Progress: Research on Cyber Security, Trustworthy System and Privacy: "Computers, Freedom, and Privacy in a Networked Society,"

'''Poster:''' Sally A. Applin - [http://anthropunk.com/steampowered Alternative Future: Steampowered Privacy Poster] (Steampowered Privacy Abstract, Poster and Slides)

'''Course:''' Management of the Total Enterprise, October 2005

'''Topic: Assignment''': Compare and Contrast. Sally used Plato and Friedman to suggest a digital reinterpretation of Gareth Morgan's ''Organizations as a Psychic Prison''

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin - [[:File:Applin_S_ParadigmShift.pdf |"A Paradigm Shift Towards the New Psychic Prison"]]

'''Conference:''' 2001 Metropolis West Conference, February 2001, San Francisco, California

'''Session:''' [http://76.12.4.249/artman2/uploads/1/how_many_alternatives_do_we_have.pdf Pick up the Thread of Sustainability: Wires + Tires]

'''Panel:''' Sally A. Applin - Telecommuting

'''Conference:''' College Art Association (CAA) Annual Conference, CA, February 1999

'''Session:''' Virtual Museum Design Panel

'''Panel:''' Sally A. Applin - “Historical Perspective on the Design of Virtual Museums: The history of Apple Computer, Inc.: The Virtual Museum Project”

'''Journal:''' The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation - Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds Volume 3, Issue 3, pages 183–197, July/September 1992

'''Paper:''' [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vis.4340030305/abstract The Virtual Museum: Interactive 3D Navigation of a Multimedia Database Gavin Miller1, Eric Hoffert1, Shenchang Eric Chen1, Elizabeth Patterson1, Dean Blackketter1, Steve Rubin1, Sally Ann Applin2, Derrick Yim3, Jim Hanan4]

'''Course:''' Telecom and Innovation, NYU/ITP, May 1991

'''Topic:''' Assignment: Describe a future technology

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin - [http://sally.com/w/images/a/a2/Museum_of_the_Future.pdf "The Museum of the Future"]

'''Book Chapters:'''

'''Book:''' [http://www.amazon.com/Creating-Breakthrough-Ideas-Collaboration-Anthropologists/dp/0897896823/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1296875904&sr=8-1 Creating Breakthrough Ideas: the collaboration of Anthropologists and Designers in the Product Development Industry] Bergin & Garvey, 2002.
'''Contributing Author:''' Sally Applin - "Team Roles in the Design Process: Living with and Creating Legacies that Benefit Design"

'''Blog:'''

http://trends.wordpress.com/

About Sally Applin, Ph.D.

2017-04-24T18:32:53Z

Sally:

About Sally Applin

2017-04-24T18:32:38Z

Sally:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2017 SALLY A. APPLIN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[[File:Applin.jpg]]

Sally A. Applin earned her Ph.D.in Anthropology at the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, working with the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC) where she researches the changing relationship between humans and algorithms, the impact of technology on culture, Maker culture, leading technologies, and the outcomes of network complexities as modeled by PolySocial Reality (PoSR). Sally holds a Masters degree from the graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program at NYU (ITP), and a BA in Conceptual Design from SFSU. Sally has had a career in the science museum design, computer software, telecommunications, innovation, insight, and product design/definition industries working as a Senior UX Designer, Senior Researcher, and Senior Consultant.

At Kent, Sally is advised by Dr. Michael D. Fischer, Professor of Anthropological Sciences, Chief Examiner, Director of CSAC, and Director of Enterprise. Dr. Fischer is the founder of AnthroPunk, a movement that examines how people promote, manage, resist and endure change; hack their lives (and those of others); and create the context of the individuation of their experiences. Sally is a founding member of Anthropunk. Sally is also an Associate Editor of the IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Associate Editor of the IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine (Societal Impacts Section), a member of IoT Council (a think tank for the Internet of Things (IoT)), and a board member of the Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Foundation.

[[File:Sallyemail2.jpg]]

'''NEW! Paper:''' April 2016 [http://www2016.net/proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines]

'''NEW! Paper:''' March 2016 [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace]

'''NEW! Paper:''' November 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other]

'''NEW! Paper: Sally Applin, Michael D. Fischer''' November 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other]

'''NEW! Sally Applin, Andreas Riener, Michael D. Fischer:''' Oct. 29, 2015 [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7310907&refinements%3D4229309917%26filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A7308135%29 Extending Driver-Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Device Commons: Transitioning to (nondriving) passengers and their vehicles. ]

'''NEW! Sally Applin's O'Reilly SOLID talk transcript:''' June 2015 [http://sally.com/wiki/IoT_-_Internet_of_Things Thing Theory: Making Sense of IoT Complexity]

'''Interview:''' June 2015 [http://www.rethinkrobotics.com/meet-sally-applin-humans-and-robots/ Rethink Robotics Blog: Part 1: meet phd candidate sally applin] and [http://www.rethinkrobotics.com/blog/meet-phd-candidate-sally-applin-part-2/ Rethink Robotics Blog: Part 2: meet phd candidate sally applin]

'''Paper:''' April 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications]

'''Paper:''' March 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car]

'''Paper:''' March 2, 2015 [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes]

'''Article:''' Dec. 2013: [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions"]

'''Paper:''' June 2013: [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me. Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' March 2013: [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

'''Article:''' [http://metro.co.uk/2012/12/04/instant-pizza-and-a-facebook-mirror-welcome-to-the-internet-of-things-3301087/ Interview on the Internet of Things, UK newspaper Metro]

'''Paper:''' Dec. 2012: [https://web.archive.org/web/20140207061427/http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/ Visualizing PolySocial Reality]

'''Paper:''' Feb. 2012: [http://posr.org/w/images/8/87/Applin_Fischer_PolySocialRealityProspectsforExtendingUserExperiencesBeyondMixedDualandBlendedReality_LAMDa_2012a.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality”]

'''Interview:''' October 2011: [http://www.theinternetofthings.eu/content/council-interview-sally-applin Council Interview: Sally Applin on PolySocial Reality and the Internet of Things (IoT)]

'''Paper:''' July 2011: [http://anthropunk.com/Files/Applin_Fischer_PervasiveComputingInTimeAndSpace.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration”]

'''Paper:''' Feb. 2011: [http://posr.org/w/images/f/f6/Applin_Fischer_ACulturalPerspectiveOnMixedDualAndBlendedReality_LAMDa_2011a.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality"]